2. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Speaking With Confidence

3. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Understanding Communication Apprehension More people fear public speaking than death CA = fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication

4. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Managing CA Be “into” your topic Prepare! Visualize success Practice Know the audience & setting

5. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Managing CA “Listen” to your audience Exercise Welcome some anxiety Deal with mishaps

6. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Speaking Extemporaneously

7. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Speaking Extemporaneously Engage in thoughtful, thorough research Organize and develop Outline carefully Practice your speech Use limited notes

8. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Reasons for Using Extemporaneous Delivery Adaptable Audience-centered Spontaneous Ethos enhancing

9. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 The Impromptu Speech Off-the-cuff and casual Little or no preparation Prepare if time allows

10. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 The Impromptu Speech Anticipate the possibility Practice active listening Remind yourself no one expects perfection Use limited prep time Employ basic principles of speech Be brief and concise

11. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 The Manuscript Speech Usually in formal settings Allows for considerable control

12. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 The Manuscript Speech Use a manuscript for right reasons Use good oral style Practice extensively Find opportunities to move and gesture Use voice effectively Maintain flexibility

13. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 The Memorized Speech For formal or ceremonial occasions

14. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 The Memorized Speech Stay focused on specific purpose and key ideas Speak in the moment Practice, practice, practice

15. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Functions of Presentational Aids

16. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Providing Support Visual content can aid understanding Visual content can help generate belief Visual support can enhance speaker’s credibility

17. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Graphs Make numbers –easy to see –easy to understand

18. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Various Types Graphs Line graph Bar graph Pictograph Pie graphs

19. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Reported HIV Cases in our Community 10 cases in 1990 26 cases in 1995 39 cases in 2000 50 cases in 2005

20. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Line Graph Source: Mayfield Courier Journal, 6 June 2007

21. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Childhood Obesity in Europe Now averaging almost 33% Rate expected to trend upward

22. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Bar Graphs

23. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Pictographs ‘A’ student ‘D’ student Drinks per week

24. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Pie Graphs

25. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Use Each Graph Properly Are you showing a trend? or a comparison? or percentages?

26. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Assisting Retention & Recall Visual information is more memorable. 1989 University of Minnesota 43% more 43% more

27. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Guidelines for Preparing Presentational Aids

28. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Design for Quick Processing Large enough to be seen Font that is easy to read Use good contrast Use fill patterns on graphs Keep it simple Ensure quality of clips and materials Avoid the razzle-dazzle

29. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Label Every Element Make It Easy To Read

30. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Adhere To Traditional Formats Use This NOT this

31. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Use The Power of Color

32. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Avoid Overwhelming The Audience Be sure that you use PowerPoint to enhance your speech, not as a replacement for your notes or outline. It’s difficult for the audience to listen to you and read along with a lot of words on the screen - plus - everyone reads at a different pace, so you can lose your ability to guide the audience through the presentation. Use key words and hit main points only, slides are not a book. It’s great to add clip art for visual interest. If charts or graphs make sense in your speech, then add them into the slideshow as well. Also - most of the time you’ll want to integrate the slides into the speech, not talk and then ‘go to’ the slides. There may be some situations where the latter example will work. Keep yourself audience centered - what will work best to help them understand and react in accordance with your purpose. Also you will want to……

33. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Employ Silence Display content when needed Use a blank slide when no visual aid is needed

34. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008

35. Anticipate Problems Have a back-up plan in case of power failure or technical glitch

36. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Stay Connected with Listeners Look at the audience, not at your aid