2.  1861-1865

3.  The issue of slavery  Political division  Social impacts  Lincoln-Douglas Debates

4. Slave States Free States Territories

5. Lincoln1801,870,000 Douglas121,380,000 Breckenridge72840,000 Bell39590,000 CandidateElectoral VotesPopular Vote

7.  What Southerners feared was now a reality – a man had won the presidency based on his dedication to antislavery  December 20, 1860 - South Carolina met in convention and unanimously adopted an ordinance of secession  February 1861- delegates from seven states met in Alabama to adopt a new constitution and elected Jefferson Davis president  South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas

8.  The upper South was undecided on secession  Republican party refused to do anything to bring these Southern states back in

9.  South did not have the constitutional right to secede  Federal authority in the South silently collapsed as officials took positions under the Confederacy

10.  Two forts were built to protect the U.S. against foreign enemies; Ft. Pickens in Pensacola, Florida and Ft. Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina  Both garrison commanders retained allegiance to the Union and would not lower their flag!

11.  Reinforcements were sent to Sumter but never made it  Lincoln only sends food, not weapons or men  S.C. and the Confederacy felt pressure to prove that they were an independent nation  April 12, 1861 – Confederates fire on Ft. Sumter

12.  April 15, 1861 – Lincoln issued a proclamation that an insurrection existed in the boundaries of the U.S  Lincoln called for 75,000 troops for 3 months

13.  Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia all joined the Confederacy = 11 states total  Yet, the Confederate flag has 13 stars….???

14.  These states were key to both the Union and the Confederacy  Maryland (surrounds Washington, D.C.) and Kentucky(industry/resources) were the most important Kentucky Missouri Maryland Delaware

15. 1. Had double the Confederacy’s population 2. North out produced the South in corn and wheat 3. Twice as many horses as the South 4. 9/10s of nation’s industrial capacity 5. Twice as many railway lines

16. 1. Union was on the offensive 2. South was fighting for their families and way of life 3. Fought on their own terrain near supply lines 4. Just had to resist long enough to win 5. Superior military leadership

17.  July 1861 – Union and Confederate troops meet at Manassas junction  Both armies are unseasoned and unorganized  The Confederacy claimed victory when the Union troops ran away  This battle let both sides know that it was going to be a long war  No more fighting in 1861 while both sides built up their armies

18.  The Civil War is often referred to as the first modern war because of the use of the rifled musket

19.  July 1863  Union stood strong for three days  Great Union victory  Bloodiest battle of the war

20.  Promoted to General during the Mexican War  Took command of Confederate forces in the Shenandoah Valley  Lee’s greatest Lieutenant until he was shot at Chancellorsville and died of pneumonia shortly after

21.  First to be offered field command of UNION troops by Lincoln, but refused  Successful in many early battles, but his defeat at Gettysburg constituted the turning point of the war  Commander of the Northern Virginia troops, but he became commander of all Confederate armies in Feb. 1865

22.  Hero of the West  Became supreme commander of the Union forces March 1864  He wore down Lee’s forces forcing thesurrender at Appomattox, VA on April 9, 1865

23.  After Shiloh was promoted to major general  Captured Atlanta then began his “March to the Sea” to capture Savannah, Georgia (1864)  Took command of U.S. army in 1869 after Grant became president

24.  To retain the loyalty of the border states Lincoln had resisted demands of the radical Republicans for abolition  The Proclamation declared that slaves in all areas still in rebellion were “then, henceforward, and forever free.”  Helps the war effort by offering a moral reason to fight

25.  Sherman led 62,000 men without supplies  Orders were to live off the country and destroy war supplies, public buildings, railroads and factories  Sherman’s actions here are the reason he is often referred to as the first modern general

26. Start

27.  Union soldiers surround Lee in Virginia – no possible escape route  Confederate troops desperate – many starving  April 9, 1865 Appomattox Court House, Virginia

28. Lincoln Assassinated! April 14, 1865 - Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth, a radical Confederate supporter, while watching a performance of Our American Cousin He was carried unconscious across the street where he died the next morning

29.  600,000 dead  South devastated  Slavery ended with the Thirteenth Amendment, December 18, 1865 Many questions unaswered…  Who will be responsible for deciding how to deal with the rebellious South? Congress? The president?  Will the new president, Andrew Johnson, a southerner, follow Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction?  What will the status of the freemen be?