1. Population Growth

2. Absolute Population Growth Absolute Growth Rate - the actual change in population from one time period to another time period. Example: –Sweden Population 1981 = 8,300,000 –Sweden Population 1971 = 7,978,000 Absolute Population Change is: 8,300,000 - 7,978,000 = +322,000 Population went up by 322,000 people

3. Example: –NL Population 2001= 512,930 –NL Population 1991 = 568,474 Absolute Population Change is: 512,930 - 568,474 = -55,544 Population went DOWN by -55,544 people

4. Growth Rate Rate of change in the population Measured as a ratio of the population change to the original population. Population change x100% =Growth Rate Original Population

5. Annual Growth Rate (AGR) Measures how quickly the population is increasing (or decreasing). Expressed as a percentage. FORMULA: AGR = Population Change X 100%÷ years for change Original Population

6. AGR = Pop. Change X 100%÷ years for change Original Pop. Mexico’s population changed from 49 million to 72 million between the years 1971 & 1981 AGR = 72 - 49 million X 100%÷ 10 years for change 49 million AGR = 4.7%

7. AGR = Pop. Change X 100%÷ years for change Original Pop. Sweden’s population changed from 7.9 million to 8.3 million between the years 1971 & 1981 AGR = 8.3 – 7.9 million X 100%÷ 10 years for change 7.9 million AGR = 0.5%

8. How Fast is Fast? Three categories of growth rates. They distinguish among slow, fast and moderately growing populations. Fast growing: –AGR > 2% Moderately growing: –AGR approx. = 2% Slow growing: –AGR < 2%

9. Trends in population growth rates Developing nations usually have a higher growth rate. Generally speaking, the more developed the nation - the more stable the population – the lower the growth rate. This trend towards lower growth rates should not be confused with decreasing populations. The world’s population is still growing at a phenomenal rate. Look at figure 18.6 and you can see that we are still increasing the world's population very fast.

10. World Population Growth

11. Change in World Population

12. OVERPOPULATION PROBLEMS

13. Average # of Children Per Woman

14. Population Control – the short version! More money = better education = better jobs = financial restraints = How so? need for contraception = population control.

15. Population Control could make it illegal to have more than a certain number of babies. Is that humane? How do we ensure the correct number. What is done with children over the limit? Legislation by government could make it illegal to have more than a certain number of babies. Is that humane? How do we ensure the correct number. What is done with children over the limit? Some people have proposed that used to be our natural means of birth control. Is this an option? Some people have proposed that war and famine used to be our natural means of birth control. Is this an option?

16. Population Control of the masses is correlated with decreased births. Could we help to provide education in developing nations? Is that humane? Increasing education of the masses is correlated with decreased births. Could we help to provide education in developing nations? Is that humane? allow us to be secure into our old age and we do not have to worry about having children to take care of us. Is this something we could promote in under-developed nations? Pension plans & RRSP's allow us to be secure into our old age and we do not have to worry about having children to take care of us. Is this something we could promote in under-developed nations?

17. Population Control We know that is correlated with decreased births. Is the education of women something we could promote? We know that education of women is correlated with decreased births. Is the education of women something we could promote? Could we for developing nations? Could we provide less expensive birth control for developing nations?

18. Population Control Highly developed economies are associated Highly developed economies are associated with decreased birth rates. with decreased birth rates. Should we concentrate on as an ultimate route to controlling birth rates? Should we concentrate on supporting improvements to their economies as an ultimate route to controlling birth rates?