1. An Overview of Land Plant Evolution (Ch. 29, Plant Diversity I) 1)origin from ancestors similar to charophytes 2)bryophytes 3)ferns 4)other spore-dispersed plants

2. 1)origin from ancestors similar to charophytes…

3. The evolution of land plants involves changes in plant development related to reproductive biology.

4. Chara - a charophyte - the whole plant body is haploid except for the zygote egg and sperm production close up zygote

6. The origin of the land-plants includes a delay in meoisis, so that there are diploid vegetative cells in the life cycle.

7. cuticle, a critical invention for land plants

8. 1)origin from ancestors similar to charophytes…

10. Table 25.1, chapter 25, p. 515

12. An Overview of Land Plant Evolution 1)origin from ancestors similar to charophytes 2)bryophytes 3)ferns 4)other spore-dispersed plants

13. bryophytes: Ca. 15,000 species Gametophyte shoot with leaves is common. Unbranched sporophyte, which has stomates

14. Moss Life Cycle Spores produced in sporangium

16. A-C: Mosses D,E: Liverworts F, G: Hornworts operculum peristome teeth

17. Marchantia, a thallose liverwort

18. Bazzania, a leafy liverwort

19. archegonium of a liverwort antheridium of a hornwort

20. sporophytes of two mosses haircap moss peat moss—Sphagnum

21. moss spores—products of meiosis

24. An Overview of Land Plant Evolution 1)origin from ancestors similar to charophytes 2)bryophytes 3) ferns 4)other spore-dispersed plants

25. Life cycle for the ferns

26. The ferns, with 12,000 species, are the most successful spore- dispersed vascular plants.

28. Most ferns have a creeping stem and divided leaves…

29. Vascular tissue—for moving fluids and providing structural support—is divided into xylem and phloem. xylem phloem

30. Sporangia are in groups called sori.

31. one sorus with sporangia hidden underneath an indusium

33. Spores are produced by meiosis in the sporangium.

36. Spores germinate to produce haploid gametophytes.

37. The gametophytes don’t have shoots or vascular tissue.

38. Fertilization

39. Fertilization yields new diploid sporophytes.

41. An Overview of Land Plant Evolution 1)origin from ancestors similar to charophytes 2)bryophytes 3)ferns 4)other spore-dispersed plants

42. 1)origin from ancestors similar to charophytes…

43. the horsetails, Equisetum

44. a clubmoss, Lycopodium

45. a coal swamp, dominated by spore-dispersed plants

46. Table 25.1, chapter 25, p. 515

48. Fossil spore tetrads from the Cambrian are evidence of the origin of the land-plant lineage and its life cycle:

49. Table 25.1, chapter 25, p. 487

51. 1)origin from ancestors similar to charophytes…