1. World War I

2. World War I: Essential Questions
What caused WWI to begin?
Who were the combatants?
Why did the U.S. remain neutral for so long?
Why did the U.S. ultimately join the war on the side of the Allies?
How were the Civil Liberties of Americans restricted during the war?
Why did America return to a foreign policy of isolationism after the war?

3. America’s Entry into World War I
Why did the U.S. get involved in these 3 wars?
War of 1812
War with Mexico
Spanish-American War

4. Things to Know about WW I
The 5 main causes.
The major combatants, at the beginning and the end.
What brought America into the war.
The technology of the war.
The use of propaganda during the war.
The restrictions placed on civil liberties during the war.

5. Outcome: Causes for World War I

6. Underlying Causes What Causes Most Wars
Extreme Nationalism (“Super Patriotism” or love for one’s country)
Imperialism: Spreading the political or economic control of one country over another
Militarism: using force or the threat of force against another nation
Entangled system of alliances (secret)
Assassination

7. Causes of WWI – MANIA!
Militarism - policy of building up a strong military to prepare for war
Alliances – agreements between nations to provide aid and protect one another
Nationalism – extreme pride in one’s country
Imperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically.
Assassination – of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand

8. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
Militarism
Increase in Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%

9. Alliances
Triple Alliance
Triple Entente

10. Underlying Causes Rival Alliances Created a “False Sense of Security”
Triple Entente
Great Britain: King George V
France: Premier Clemenceau
Russia: Czar Nicholas II
Triple Alliance
Germany: Kaiser Wilhelm II
Austria-Hungary: Franz Joseph
Italy: Emanuel III

12. Nationalism & Imperialism
Nationalism is a feeling of intense pride in one’s homeland. Nationalists emphasized their homeland’s culture and interests above other countries and they were willing to go to war to expand their nation at the expense of others.
Self-determination is another basic idea of nationalism. Self-determination is the idea that people who share a national identity should have their own country and government.
Imperialism: Great Britain, Germany and France needed foreign markets after the increase in manufacturing caused by the Industrial Revolution

13. Causes of World War I What Caused World War I Unrest in the Balkans
Bosnians felt abused under the rule of Austria-Hungary
Goal: To create a “Greater Serbia” (unite Slavic people)
This movement was strongly supported by “Mother Russia”

14. European Conquest of Africa

15. The “Spark”

16. Causes of World War I
June 28, 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria’s heir to the throne) was assassinated by a Bosnian Serb Nationalist while on a good will trip to Sarajevo, Bosnia. This spark would ignite the war.

18. Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist group called the Black Hand who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia.

19. Archduke shot by Gavrillo Princip

20. Domino Effect
Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia.
Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary.
Russia pledged their support for Serbia.

21. Domino Effect Germany declares war on Russia.
France pledges their support for Russia.
Germany declares war on France.
Germany invades Belgium on the way to France.
Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.

22. Causes of World War I Alliance Unfolded:
Austria declared war on Serbia
Russia supported Serbia (mother country w/ethnic ties)
Germany sided w/Austria & declared war on Russia
France was obligated to help Russia & Great Britain to help France
By August 5, 1914, Europe was engulfed in war!

23. Allied Powers
Central Powers
World War I

24. Causes of World War I The Fighting Sides
Triple Alliance becomes “The Central Powers” (The Bad Guys)
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria
Italy gave up its defensive agreement w/Germany & joined other side

25. Causes of World War I
Triple Entente becomes “The Allied Powers” or “Allies” (The Good Guys)
Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy,
U.S. would join in April of 1917
Eventually over 50 nations were involved in “The Great War”

26. Causes of World War I
Germany’s “Schlieffen Plan” to avoid a 2 front war failed
Front: zone of conflict between armies
Western Front would mostly be in France
Area between armies was known as “no man’s land”
Fighting two fronts puts a giant strain on resources and man power

27. Why was WWI a Stalemate? What’s a stalemate?
Neither side can make a move to win.
Machine gun. How did this change war? How was it fought before?
Trench Warfare = “solution”.
Millions die without gaining ground.

28. Trench Warfare

31. No Man’s Land

32. What new weapons were used in WWI?
Tank
Poison gas
Airplane
Submarine
Machine gun
Why these weapons? Why now?
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION!!

40. America and World War I Reasons for American Neutrality
Reasons America Enters the War on the side of the Allies