1. Do you feel more allegiance to your region (Winston-Salem/Forsyth County), your state (North Carolina), or your country (the United States)?... Or another country? How do you associate these with your identity? What does it mean to you to be American? THINK-PAIR-SHARE

2. Unit III Nationalism, Sectionalism, & the Era of Good Feelings

3. Nationalism  What do we have in common in this room?  What could our national identity be based on?  Is America united enough to be considered a nation?  Can nations exist that are not countries?

4.  What is NATIONALISM?  First, let’s define NATION.  A large group of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, living in a particular area.  NATIONALISM is extreme loyalty or devotion to your nation (right or wrong).  Why was nationalism on the rise at this time in U.S. history? NATIONALISM: AN “ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS” REASONS: Success in War of 1812 Nationalist economics: Henry Clay’s American System Boost in federal power from Judiciary American art and literature flourish

5.  What is SECTIONALISM?  First, let’s define REGION.  Part of a country or the world having definable characteristics but not always fixed boundaries  Some REASONS:  Differing economies: Industrial (North) vs. Agricultural (South)  Issues over slavery  Differences in population growth (Immigration )  Development of cities in the North SECTIONALISM SECTIONALISM is an exaggerated devotion or allegiance to the interests of a region (the North vs. the South).

6. THE “ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS”: AMERICAN NATIONALISM 1812-1855

7.  EQ: How did domestic & foreign policies reflect the nationalism of the times?  Economic  What nationalistic economic policies surfaced during the 1820’s?  The American System, developed by Senator Henry Clay

8. Henry’s Clay’s American System consisted of three main policies:  Protective tariffs  Building new roads & canals to link the states (Atlantic & Midwest)  Establish Second Bank of the U.S.  How do each of these policies promote nationalism?

9.  Henry Clay’s American System West Food Stuffs South Raw Materials (cotton) NE Manufactured Goods Raw materials to cities Manufactured goods Food stuffs to feed workers Migration  What new inventions are being used in each region?

10.  Cultural  Nationalism also influenced art & literature  Literature – American Renaissance  James Fenimore Cooper  The Last of the Mohicans  First American to make a career as a novelist  Webster’s American Dictionary  Novelists expressed pride in the new nation and its immense potential

11.  Cultural  Artists – Depicted America’s beautiful landscape  Hudson River School  Group of landscape painters who used realistic detail to depict the beauty of nature and reflect the spirit of nationalism  How do these images reflect nationalism?

15. ELECTION OF 1816 James Monroe – DR, VA

16. THE VIRGINIA DYNASTY 4 of the first 5 Presidents are from Virginia Monroe is the last of the “Founding Fathers to be President

17. THE MONROE DOCTRINE  Told Europe colonization was over  Western Hemisphere is under American control  Example of American Nationalism

20.  Political  John Quincy Adams (President Monroe’s Secretary of State) promotes national expansion  Adams-Onis Treaty  US gains Florida from Spain, open to settlement  Monroe Doctrine  Latin American nations gained independence from European countries  Warned European countries to stay out of Latin America  How do these policies reflect nationalism?

21.  Domestic  Supreme Court rulings under John Marshall  Chief Justice from 1801 to 1835  Favored a strong federal government, gave more power to the federal government  McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)  Denied the right of a state to tax a federal agency (a national bank)  Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)  Upheld congressional power to regulate commerce between states (NY steamboat monopoly)  How did these decisions reflect nationalism?

22. SECTIONALISM – DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE NORTH AND SOUTH EQ – How did the North and South differ during the early 1800s?

23.  Sectional Differences Emerge  As you watch the following clip, consider the following questions:  What caused the Panic of 1819?  What were some of the major differences between the North & South?  How did the Missouri Compromise highlight these differences?

24. Economic Panic and the Missouri Compromise

25. Sectional Differences Emerge  Missouri Territory applies for statehood  Why is this a problem?  There are an equal number of slave/free states, Missouri would tip the balance  Henry Clay – Missouri Compromise (1820)  Missouri = slave  Maine = free (split from Massachusetts)  36-30 line: north= free, south = slave

26. Differences between North and South Economy Agricultural, slavery Industrialized NorthSouth

27.  Differences between North and South Pop. Growth & Citizens -Lower population -Slower population growth -Lower education -Population grew quickly -Middle class -Working class -Immigrants face prejudice NorthSouth

28.  Differences between North and South Cities, Develop., & Indust. -Few large cities -Limited regional development -Slavery spread, plantations grow -Industrialization spread quickly -Factories -Cities grew NorthSouth

29. What common interests and similarities do these two regions share? -Both rely on cotton crop -King Cotton -Both rely on new technology -Cotton gin (Eli Whitney) makes cotton profitable

30. 1789- 1819 AMERICAN LAND EXPANSION

31. VERMONT (1791)

32. KENTUCKY (1792)

33.  Cleared 2/3 of Ohio/Indian of Indian Tribes  British abandon NW Territory, flee to Canada THE TREATY OF GREENVILLE (1795)

34.  Normalized relations with Spain  USA gains free access to Mississippi River PINCKNEY’S TREATY (1795)

35. TENNESSEE (1796)

36. OHIO (1803)

37. LOUISIANA (1812)

38.  Settled all border disputes between the USA and Spain  Florida and Western lands were purchased for $5 million ADAMS-ONIS TREATY (1819)