1. Ms. Warnberg

2. Lead an invasion of England after his cousin once removed, King Edward the Confessor, dies. Claimed he was the rightful king. United the Anglo-Saxons. Doomesday Book Law & Order Cultural Unity WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR What was William’s title before he conquered the Anglo-Saxons?

3. God The King Vassals & Lords Knights Serfs FEUDALISM: CHAIN OF BEING The king owned all the land. Lords were appointed by the king. They could grant land to vassals or be vassals themselves. Vassals received land from a lord in exchange for military service or other loyalties. They could be lords by distributing portions of their land to others. Knights served lords in battle. Vassals had to provide them. Serfs were peasants who worked the land that others owned.

4. Only wealthy knights could afford armor. They received the title “sir”. Chivalry and Loyalty Loyalty to their lord was sealed with a kiss KNIGHTS What do knights have to do with The Lion King?

5. Could not serve as soldiers, therefore they had no political power Subservient to all men (fathers, husbands, brothers) Roles were to bear children and to take care of the house and fields WOMEN DURING THE MIDDLE AGES How do women in the United States live compared to women in the Middle Ages?

6. Chivalry: system of ideals & social codes governing the behavior of knights and gentlewomen Oaths of loyalty to the king and lords were part of it Adoring a lady would make one braver and nobler Courtly love: means of self- improvement, nonsexual Guinevere and Lancelot broke the code and ruined the system CHIVALRY AND COURTLY LOVE What famous knight is represented on this slide? Dulcinea http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =ayz50HeFJUU&feature=related

7. These are physical proof of religious faith in the everyday world – “Souvenirs” of holy people thought to have religious significance & the power of God to heal Three Types of Relics 1st Degree: Actual body part of a saint or holy person – Ex.: finger, skull, hair, entire skeleton, etc. 2nd Degree: Item that was touched by and belonged to the saint or holy person – Ex.: clothing, shoes, jewelry 3rd Degree: Item that came in contact with the saint or holy person – Ex.: piece of his/her home, book, crucifix or rosary HOLY RELICS

8. A woman’s value was tied to the land she brought into a marriage Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Romance: a hero undertakes a quest to conquer an evil enemy (often with the help of magic) ROMANCE Can anyone think of a modern day romance?

9. As people moved to the city, a new class system developed that made the feudal system obsolete. Upper, middle, lower We see evidence of this in Chaucer’s work THE FALL OF FEUDALISM

10. Began in the Church – most of the population was illiterate and plays taught stories of the Bible – Miracle Plays – Based on the legends of saints – Mystery Plays – Based on Biblical stories Passion Plays- reenacted the last week and crucifixion of Christ’s life –Morality Plays – personified virtues and vices Performances of the plays was taken over by the trade guilds – Groups of men of the same trade – Pageant wagons or carts were movable stages on wagons that depicted different scenes of a skit and processed through the town Modern-day parades are modeled after this DRAMA

11. Archbishop of Cantebury Prime Minister under King Henry II “Will no one rid me of this meddlesome priest?” King Henry’s knights murder Thomas. Public outrage Thomas a martyr Tension between Catholic church and England THOMAS A’ BECKET

12. Fosters cultural unity Continues to be a center for learning – Monasteries- libraries and publishers – Latin – international language of educated Europeans – Pope- “King of Kings” his kingdom had no boundaries THE CATHOLIC CHURCH

13. King John was backed by the Pope but English barrons forced him to sign the document to curb the Church’s power – Later it becomes the basis for English constitutional law Trial by Jury Legislative taxation MAGNA CARTA- “GREAT CHARTER”

14. 1st national war between England & France 2 British kings (Edward III & Henry V) claimed the throne of France – English lost – English yeoman- small landowners form nucleus of the army – replace knights Yeoman class, modern democratic England is born HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR 1337-1453

15. Young French girl who had visions of Christ as a child Persuaded King of France to allow her to lead the French army into battle – was told by God she would be victorious – Captured in Burgundy and sold to the English – English turned her over to the Catholic Church for trial – tried for heresy (speaking out against the Catholic Church and her beliefs), witchcraft, and wearing men’s clothes Burned to death and canonized as a saint http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gv2p2W ZoUE JOAN OF ARC 1412-1431

16. 1348-1349 Spread by fleas and rats Reduced England’s population by a 1/3 – Caused labor shortage – Feudalism dies – serfs are freed (Bring out your dead) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grb SQ6O6kbs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grb SQ6O6kbs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFACH Nd_AWs THE BLACK DEATH: BUBONIC PLAGUE

17. King Henry VII’s marriage reconciles warring houses of York and Lancaster – War of the Roses-over which house would rule England York – red rose Lancaster-white rose Lancaster won – strong king started the Tudor line – King Henry VIII’s family – England’s Renaissance begins END OF THE MIDDLE AGES