1. Pre-Reading Activity

2. Approximately 500-1500 Early Middle Ages 500-1000 High Middle Ages 1000-1250 Late Middle Ages 1250-1500

3. Sept 28, 1066 Invasion of England by William the Conqueror Battle of Hastings Oct 14 1066

4. Duke of Normandy First Norman King of England

5. Anglo Saxon Culture Majority of the population Many nobles fled to Scotland and other areas Christian/Religious Influence Impact on language Onset of/increase in feudalism

6. Political and social system Based on granting of land in exchange for loyalty, military assistance, and other services Developed as a result of frequent invasions System of social behavior Three social classes Those who fight Those who pray Those who work

7. Began to breakdown due to the Black Death Wiped out 1/3 population in England 1348-1349

8. Primary duty of the male above the serf class was a military obligation to the King. Based in the feudal idea of loyalty and related to a system of social codes chivalry Breaking a code would undermine the knight’s position

9. Peasant woman childbearing Housework Hard field work Women of higher station Household supervision Childbearing A woman was always subservient to a male, whether husband, father, or brother. No political rights Depending on the standing of her father or husband she commanded a certain respect, especially under the chivalric system of the 11 th and 12th centuries.

10. System of ideals and behavior codes that governed both knight and gentlewoman. Loyalty to overlord Honesty Fairness in battle Proper treatment of women

11. Behavior between knights and ladies Often between a knight and a married woman Usually unconsummated Revering and acting in the name of a lady Wears colors of lady in battle Glorify her in words and be inspired by her

12. Decrease in population People living in towns and cities would eventually render feudal system obsolete. Development of lower, middle, and upper class (evident in Canterbury Tales)

13. A series of wars in the 11th, 12th, and 13 th centuries by Christian Europe against the followers of Muhammad with Jerusalem and the Holy Land as the prize. Began in 1096

14. Europeans failed to hold Jerusalem, but they benefited from the contact with the higher civilization of the Middle East. – Mathematics – Astronomy – Architecture – Crafts

15. Archbishop of Canterbury Close friend and appointee of King Henry II Becket ignored Henry’s wishes to allow Royal Courts to punish people convicted in Church Court Four knights under Henry II assassinated Becket

16. He was murdered at Canterbury Cathedral He was sainted and martyred The site of his death became a popular place for pilgrimages

17. Church dominated life All people believed in heaven and Hell Could only get to heaven through the Roman Catholic Church People paid tithe (church tax) to church Church was wealthy and powerful

18. The Great Charter of the Liberties of England Signed in 1215 Became the basis for English constitutional law in which trial by jury and legislative taxation were established First document imposed upon a King of England by his subjects Attempt to limit his power Protect their rights

19. Fought by England and France Lasted 116 years 1337-1453 Development of Yeomen (use of longbow and arrows) End of knights and castles as significant military power Two kingdoms at the beginning of the war; two nations at the end of it. Modern democratic England was born

20. 1348-1349 Spread by fleas from infected rates Plague reduced the nation’s population by one third Labor shortage – freedom of serfs (last support of feudalism)

21. The End