1. GLOBALISATION

2. Globalisation compresses time & Space. Growth in service Industries- finance, Business services, property, hospitality.

3. Lesson 3.A local example of urban decline and urban decay. Pyrmont- Ultimo, Sydney, Australia. Year 10 Geography. Urban Growth and Decline

4. Location of the Area. What features make this a good location for an industrial, storage and processing area in the 1800 – 1900’s? Why may it not be so suitable today for similar activities?

5. Nature of the area 1800 - 1950 Ironworks. Terraced Housing. Woolclip Storage. Sugar Refineries – CSR Flour Milling. Dairy Electricity Power Stations. Trams and Railways Shipping

6. After the 1950’s Heavy Industry had started to close and move away. Other out of city locations were more suitable and other emerging countries were now manufacturing these products e.g. China, India. Heavy manufacturing was in decline due to a fall in demand for such products and the growth of service industries in developed countries. Shipping had moved to a more suitable mechanised location at Port Botany. Containerisation has had a major impact on how ships are loaded and unloaded The area of Pyrmont-Ultimo was run down and derelict.

7. Decide what urban problems are evident. 1 2

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9. Why could Inner City living be preferable to this? Urban sprawl or suburbia. New low density housing estates, all identical, spread over huge areas of urban fringe. Improvements in transport allow these estates to grow and function. Residents can commute along new freeways to the CBD or edge of city business parks, such as North Ryde. Developers see these as far easier to develop than brown field sites.

10. Consolidation Consolidation is a major feature of urban renewal / redevelopment and consists of maximising the use of space by subdividing buildings into units. It creates higher population densities and reduces urban sprawl. Developments could be totally new or where existing infrastructure is used.

11. For urban redevelopment to be successful, what needs to be done? Cleaner environment Safer environment Employment created New housing created which is suitable for new and existing residents. Amenities including open space, recreational facilities, transport and shopping. Maintain some of the previous character of the area.

12. What did happen in Pyrmont-Ultimo during the decade of renewal from 1994 to 2004? In 1992 Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority was created with a charter to provide urban rejuvenation. $ 200 million invested in public infrastructure and affordable housing. One of the largest urban redevelopments in Australia. Mixed housing was provided, open space, harbour access, white collar businesses established. Old Industrial Buildings redeveloped. Medium density housing, cafes, businesses, public transport. Telecommunications and TV companies located there. Radio Stations, Powerhouse Museum, University of Technology and TAFE, Olympic swimming pool, parks and children’s play areas. The project was jointly funded by Federal and State Government and private investors.

13. Student Research on Pyrmont-Ultimo All students should be given a work booklet ‘Pyrmont-Ultimo. An area of Urban Renewal. Internet Activity’ You will then be allocated time in the computer room to complete the booklet. Keep your answers concise but accurate throughout. This should take 2 lessons. Any work incomplete should be finished for homework.

14. Lesson 4. Views to Urban Redevelopment? Year 10 Geography. Urban Growth and Decline

15. Why do we need Urban Redevelopment? With depopulation and a loss of local employment comes the following problems: Crime Social exclusion Vandalism Property in poor state of repair Decline in services Poor educational attainment Poor health Less local spending Therefore redevelopment is generally a desirable process. However, not all people see all types of redevelopment as suitable.

16. Those involved For Redevelopment State Government Local Government Developers Those who like inner city living, often young professional, unmarried people. Architects Construction companies Against Redevelopment Poorer residents who may become displaced Residents who see that redevelopment could reduce access or redevelopments could be unsuitable Working class residents who may conflict with new residents. After each group or individual write a possible reason for their viewpoint.

17. Photo Activity Look at the following photographs and pictures and give a range of possible perceptions to the development shown. Each is located within the Pyrmont-Ultimo redevelopment area. 1.What is the development shown? 2.What positive attitudes exist to this type of development 3.What negative attitudes exist to this type of development 1.What type of development is shown? 2.Would this type of housing be suitable for all socio economic groups?

18. 1.What does the graph of Pyrmont-Ultimo show? 2.What different attitudes could exist to the information shown? 1.What does the artists impression of Pyrmont show? 2.What different attitudes exist to this type of development?

19. Summary. The area of Pyrmont-Ultimo was an industrial area from the 1800’s until 1950. It was based on the shipping of goods, handling and processing of raw materials. The area became run down and abandoned after many of the industries and the ships moved to different locations with more space and better access. The area was tackled by the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority from 1994 to 2004. With private investment and more than $200 million of Government funds, the project targeted open space, parkland, play areas, a range of housing, transport, other amenities such as recreational facilities. It has generally been a great success and has attracted many professional urban dwellers, businesses, tourists and a huge range of commercial enterprises. There has been some criticism over the enough foreshore and harbour access for the general public as private developers try to build residences right up to the waters edge. There has also been some negativity about the range of housing built and does it cater for all socio economic groups.