1. Hamilton and Jefferson HamiltonJefferson ConstitutionLoose Interpretation Strict Interpretation National Government Strong Federal Government Supported stronger state governments EconomyBusiness and Manufacturing Agriculture and Labor Foreign Policy Supported Britain, saw US becoming more like Britain Supported France

2. The Federalists in Charge Chapter 9-3

3. Washington Retires

4. Washington’s 2 terms were a success! Warned American’s about 2 things upon his retirement: –Warned of the dangers of political parties (such political differences can weaken the country) –Warned that agreements with foreign nations might work against U.S. interests (economic agreements should be the only agreement)

5. Growth of Political Parties Political Parties grew out of different beliefs on how the government should run. How do we interpret the Constitution?? ?

6. Growth of Political Parties ? Strict Interpretation v. Loose Interpretation

7. Growth of Political Parties Alexander Hamilton forms the Federalist Party Thomas Jefferson/James Madison form the Democratic- Republican party

8. The First Political Parties FEDERALISTSDEMOCRACTIC-REPUBLICANS Strong National GovernmentLimited National Government Fear of Mob RuleFear of rule by one person or a powerful few Loose Construction (interpretation ofStrict Construction (interpretation) of the Constitution Favored National BankOpposed National Bank Economy based on manufacturingEconomy based on farming and shipping Supporters: lawyers, merchants,Supporters: farmers,tradespeople manufacturers, clergy

9. John Adams Takes Office

10. 1796 – 1 st election in which political parties compete Federalist – John Adams Dem. Rep – Thomas Jefferson Adams won 71 votes and Jefferson won 68 According to the Constitution, the runner- up would be the new Vice-President

12. Problems with France France and England still at war French began seizing US ships trading with British Adams sends Pinkney, Gerry, and Marshall to meet with French minister French agents offer to meet with US reps only if they pay a bribe Known as XYZ Affair US reps refuse, and Congress authorizes US to start seizing French vessels

13. The Alien and Sedition Acts Conflict with France made Adams and Federalists very popular with the public. Many Dem-Rep were sympathetic to France –Started blasting Adams in newspapers To silence the critics, Adams passed the Alien and Sedition Acts –targeted aliens-immigrants who were not yet citizens –Increased waiting time to become citizen –Gave President power to arrest disloyal citizens, or kick them out of the country during wartime –Outlawed sedition, saying or writing anything false or harmful against the government

14. The Alien and Sedition Acts

15. With these acts, Freedom of Speech and Press were shut down Dem-Rep fought the Alien and Sedition Acts in a theory called state’s rights –States have rights that the federal government can’t take away Jefferson wrote the Kentucky Resolutions, proposing that states had the right to nullify federal law within the state Madison wrote Virginia Resolution stating that state could place itself between federal government and the citizens

16. The Alien and Sedition Acts No other states supported Kentucky and Virginia However…within two years the Democratic- Republicans won control of Congress, and the repealed the Alien and Sedition Acts, or let them expire between 1800 and 1802.

17. Peace with France Adams resumed talks with France Two sides quickly signed the Convention of 1800, an agreement to stop all naval attacks This made Adams very unpopular with the Federalists

18. Peace with France Adams then lost the election of 1800 to Thomas Jefferson Adams and Jefferson, once close friends, did not speak for many years Both died on the 50 th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence signing, 7/4/1826 “Thomas Jefferson still lives”