1. February 11, 2014 Label the map of the Roman Empire.
These maps may help you: pages 162, 186, R38, R40, R41

3. Roman Civilization Develops

4. 1. Geography of Italy Boot shaped peninsula To the north: The Alps
Mediterranean sea provides both protection and transportation
Rich soil and mild climate

5. 2. Founding of Rome Legend of Romulus and Remus
Legend states they were twin brothers who founded Rome

6. b. Latins
Legend states they were twin brothers who founded Rome
c. Etruscans
Took over Rome
Believed to be great metal workers and jewelers
Culture was heavily influenced by the Greeks

7. iv. Had great influence on Roman society
Built Rome’s first city walls and sewer
Introduced building techniques such as the arch
Introduced alphabet and number systems
Helped shape system of government
Introduced gladiator games and chariot races
Influenced styles of sculpture and paintings

9. 3. Rome becomes a Republic
Romans will overthrow the Etruscans and establish a Republic
A republic is were elected officials govern the state

10. b. Patricians and Plebeians
Wealthy aristocratic families
Controlled every aspect of society
Used patronage system
A system where wealthy Romans provided financial, social, or legal support for lower ranking families in return for political backing and loyalty

11. ii. Plebeians Common people Demanded more rights from the Patricians
Formed the Plebeian council
Responsible for overseeing and protecting plebeian affairs
Gained the right to elect officials known as the tribunes
Job was to protect Plebeians against unjust treatment by Patrician officials
Eventually given veto power

12. 5. 12 Bronze Tablets
Plebeians forced Patricians to have all the laws written down
Displayed them at the Forum
Law code will be known as the Law of the Twelve Tablets

13. 4. The Republic Constitution
Created by both the Plebeians and Patricians

14. b. Government Consisted of 3 main bodies Senate 300 members
Advised elected officials
Controlled public finances
Handled all foreign affairs

15. 2. Assemblies 3. Magistrates All citizens voted on laws
Elected officials
3. Magistrates
Put laws into practice
Governed in the name of the senate
Acted as priests

16. ii. Consuls Replaced the king Held by two magistrates
Elected for 1 year
Both chief executive and commanders of the army

17. iii. Censors Recorded cities population
Recorded personal property of the citizens
Appointed new senators when there was a vacancy

18. iv. Praetors Primarily judges Could act as consuls
Given either military commands or appointed as provisional governors when their term ended

19. v. Dictators Gave its holder unlimited power for 6 months
Chosen only in a time of crisis

20. vi. Checks and Balances
Each part of the government could impose certain constraints upon the others

21. vii. The Forum Heart of the city City leaders met there Shopping
Public ceremonies

22. From Republic to Empire

23. 1. The Republic Expands Military
All men age 17-46, with a minimum amount of property were required to serve during times of war
Organized into units called Legions
Commanders called Centurions
Officers who command 100 men
Highly disciplined and well trained

25. b. The Punic Wars Series of 3 wars that lasted over 80 years
1st Punic War
Mostly a naval war
Carthage will have the upper hand initially but Rome will come back and defeat Carthage

26. ii. 2nd Punic War Hannibal
Carthage general who led an army and war elephants across the Pyrenees and the Alps and invaded Italy
Dominated the country side

28. 2. Publius Cornelius Scipio
Led Roman army to Carthage
Attacked the city
Forced Hannibal to return to Carthage

29. 4. Rome will strip Carthage of its navy and land held in Spain
3. Plain of Zama
Both Carthage and Roman forces met there
Scipio was able to defeat Hannibal and his troops
4. Rome will strip Carthage of its navy and land held in Spain
5. Did not destroy the city

30. iv. 3rd Punic War Carthage begins to build ships again
Rome declares war on Carthage
Laid siege to the city for 3 years
Enslaved its citizens and completely destroyed the city

32. 2. Problems in the Late Republic
Social Unrest
Gracchi Brothers
Tiberius and Gaius
Tried to help soldiers by redistributing public land to small farmers
Angered the wealthy elite
Senate urged a mob to kill the brothers

33. b. Military in Politics Gaius Marius Elected to the office of Consul
Eliminated property restrictions and began to accept anyone who wanted to join the army
Armies would become loyal to a general; became a tool for political power

34. ii. Civil War Lucius Cornelius Sulla
Marius and supporters tried to prevent Sulla from taking military command
Led to a civil war

35. c. Sulla was victorious and became a dictator
Executed those who opposed him
Carried out reforms aimed at protecting the power of the Senate
Voluntarily retired

36. Greek dominoes
Cut out each of the dominoes on the solid black line. (Each domino should have two sides – left and right).
Assemble the dominoes such that the definition/description is touching the appropriate word.

37. February 17, 2014 Please take out your dominoes.
On your smart phone, go to m.socrative.com
Enter room
Answer the questions regarding Ancient Greece.
** If you do not have a smart phone, please take a quarter-sheet from the front of the room.

38. Dominoes

39. 3. Rome Becomes an Empire The First Triumvirate (rule of 3 men)
Made up of 3 men
Julius Caesar, Gnaius Pompey and Licinius Crassus
Caesar and Pomepy were both successful military leaders
Took over the Republic in 60 B.C.

40. Julius Caesar
Gnaius Pompey

41. ii. Civil War Caesar and Pompey faced off in battle
Caesar defeats Pompey and takes full control of the Republic

42. iii. Caesar Will be made Dictator for Life Reforms
Gave citizenship to the providences
Gave public lands to the veterans
Assassinated by a group of Senators on March 15, 44 B.C. also known as the Ides of March

43. b. The Second Triumvirate
Composed of: Octavian (Caesar’s son and heir), Marc Antony (a loyal officer) and Lepidus (a high priest)
Octavian and Antony divided the empire in half
Octavian took the West
Antony took the East

44. Octavian
Marc Antony

45. iv. Octavian is left with sole power
iii. Civil War
Antony and Cleopatra wanted to Expand
Octavian defeats them at a naval battle of Actium in 31 B.C.
Antony and Cleopatra kill themselves
iv. Octavian is left with sole power

46. c. Octavian
Called himself “princeps” or first citizen to avoid the title of emperor
Senate gave him the title Augustus or “revered one”
Head of State for 40 years
Divided rule between himself and the Senate

47. d. Augustan Age Foreign Affairs
Tried to bring peace to the West in Gaul and Spain
Tried to push Rome’s borders to the Danube River

48. ii. Rome iii. Augustus died in 14 A.D.
Created a police force and fire brigade
Began Building programs
Moral and religious reform
iii. Augustus died in 14 A.D.

49. 4. Julio-Claudians
Relatives of Julius Caesar ruled for 54 years after Augustus died
Emperors
Tiberius
A good soldier and competent administration

50. ii. Caligula iii. Nero Brutal and mentally unstable
Last of the Julio-Claudian Emperors
Burned down Rome
Killed his mother
Committed suicide in 68 A.D.

51. Nero
Caligula

52. 5. The Good Emperors Started in 96 A.D.
5 emperors who governed for almost a century
Almost all were outside of Rome
Grew the empire
Trajan
Height of expansion occurred under him

53. f. Hadrian Succeeded Trajan Believed Rome was too large
Built fortifications on the frontiers to protect against invasion
Built walls in Northern Britain (73 miles long)

54. Hadrian
Hadrian’s Wall

55. 6. The Pax Romana Period of peace from 27 B.C. to 180 A.D.
Called Pax Romana or Roman Peace
Essential traits
Stable government
Strong legal system
Widespread trade
Peace

56. Roman Society and Culture
Cut along the horizontal black lines.
On the inside of your foldable, write notes about each of the areas of Roman Society and Culture.
Use textbook pages 177 – 182 to help you.

57. Roman Society and Culture

58. 1. Life in Imperial Rome For the Rich
Had two homes: city and country home called a villa
Had running water and baths
Wealthy men were in politics

59. b. For the Poor Lived in crowed 3 or 4 story apartments
Free food and public entertainment was used to keep the poor from rebelling

60. c. Public Entertainment
Circuses
Chariot Racing
Circus Maximus could accommodate 250,000 people

61. 2. Amphitheaters
Animal fights
Gladiators

63. 3. Public Baths

64. d. Family Paterfamilias or Family Father
Head of Family
Emphasis on virtues such as simplicity, religious devotion and obedience
Adoption
One way to ensure family name carried on

65. iv. Roman Women Relied on a male guardian
Could own and inherit property
Lower class women could work outside the home

66. e. Education Upper classes placed great value on education
Children taught at home
Wealthy hired tutors or sent sons to exclusive schools

67. f. Religion Adopted many elements of Greek mythology
Worshiped house hold gods called penates
Emperor worshiped as a god
Emphasis on signs
Augurs were priest who interpret signs

68. 2. Rome’s Cultural Legacy
Science and Engineering
Galen
Wrote several volumes summarizing all the medical knowledge of his day

69. ii. Ptolemy
Synthesized all the knowledge of others in a single theory in astronomy
Believed the earth was the center of the universe

70. iii. Aqueducts
Man-made channels used to bring water to the cities

71. c. Language and literature
b. Architecture
Round arch and vault
c. Language and literature
Latin

72. d. Law Civil law Based on a written code of laws
Adopted by many European countries after the fall of Rome
Influence still seen in the legal systems of most of the world

73. Imagine you had the opportunity to meet teachers and students from South Africa, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Cameroon, Turkey, Nepal, Pakistan … What would you ask them?

75. February 18, 2014
How did Rome’s location help the city grow into a major power?
Why do you think the Roman government was made up of three parts?

76. Crash Course: Christianity
As you watch the video, please answer the questions on your video guide.

77. Christianity

78. 1. Christianity and Judaism
Christianity- a religion that developed based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth
Judaism in the Roman World
Judea was conquered by the Rome in 63 B.C.
Jews had to pay a tribute to Rome but were allowed to keep practicing their religion so long as they maintained civic order and paid their tribute
Rome appointed a new ruler for the region

79. c. Reactions to Roman Rule
Zealots
Wanted Jews to revolt against Rome and drive them out of Judea
Led a revolt
Result
Rome sacked Jerusalem
Destroyed 2nd temple
Will revolt again resulting in all Jews being expelled from Jerusalem

80. d. Messianic Prophecies
Messiah
Messiah is the spiritual leader who would restore the ancient kingdom and bring peace to the world

81. 2. Jesus of Nazareth
Life
Almost all we know about him comes from the 4 gospels of the New Testament
Born in Bethlehem
Learned carpentry and also studied the Jewish prophets
Instructed people to repent and seek God’s forgiveness

82. vi. Popular with the people but feared by the authorities
v. Two basic beliefs
Love God above all else
Love others as you love yourself
vi. Popular with the people but feared by the authorities
vii. Arrested, tried and sentenced to death

83. b. Death and Resurrection
Rose from the grave after his death
Spent 40 days teaching his disciples then ascended into heaven
Followers believe that this revealed that Jesus was the Messiah

84. 3. Spread of Christianity
Apostle
12 disciples that Jesus had chosen
Earliest missionaries
Paul of Tarsus
Name was Saul
Missionary to the Gentiles (non-Jews)
Emphasized doctrines that helped distinguish Christianity from Judaism

85. c. Persecution
Local leaders were afraid of an uprising from Christians
Martyrs
People who died for the faith

86. d. Imperial Approval Constantine Converted in early 300’s
Issued Edict of Milan
Made Christianity legal within the Empire
Did not ban practice of other religions

87. 4. Early Christian Church
Development of Ceremonies
Eucharist
Held in memory of Jesus’ last supper with disciples
Practiced baptism

88. b. Church Leaders Priests Bishops
Seen to have same authority as the apostles
Bishops
Oversaw church affairs in most cities
Had authority over the priests within those cities

89. iii. Pope
Many believe that Peter founded the Roman church and was its first bishop
Popes are seen as the heirs of Peter

90. Religions Graphic Organizer
Use the information learned about Christianity to complete the Christianity column of your Religions graphic organizer.

91. Search and Rescue: Greece and Rome
Start at your designated color and letter.
Do not change colors!
Be sure to go in order – the answer is at the bottom of the page, the description is in the middle.

92. February 19, 2014
The passage below comes from a letter written by a Roman statesman to his brother, who was a candidate for consul. In this letter, the statesman gives advice on how to win a Roman election.
"In a word, you must secure friends of every class, magistrates, consuls and their tribunes to win you the vote of the centuries [people]: men of wide popular influence… The first and obvious thing is that you embrace the Roman senators and equites [nobles], and the active and popular men of all the other orders. There are many city men of good business habits, there are many freedmen engaged in the Forum who are popular and energetic: these men try with all your might, both personally and by common friends, to make eager in your behalf."
1. According to this letter, who did a candidate have to appeal to in order to win an election?
2. What does this letter suggest about the nature of Roman politics?

93. Rome Stations For each station, read and answer the questions.
As you finish a station, swap it out for another station.
When you’re finished with all 5 stations, find another pair that’s finished and find Ms. Herthel.

94. Group Project
Sources you can choose from:
A Portrait of Julius Caesar
Gladiators
How to Keep a Slave in Ancient Rome
Nero Persecutes the Christians
The Assassination of Julius Caesar
The Burning of Rome
The Fall of Rome
Romans Destroy the Temple at Jerusalem
Rome Celebrates the Vanquishing of the Jews
The Grandeur of Rome
Prepare a presentation (skit, commercial advertisement, song and dance, news broadcast, etc) on your assigned topic. We will present in class today.
You must use and explain at least one primary source.

95. The Fall of Rome

96. 1. Empire Weakens Weak leaders and growing problems
Came after the 5 Good Emperors
Problems
Civil Wars
Increased threat of invasion
Increased size of the army
Prolonged economic crisis

97. iii. Empire will become a military dictatorship
Military will elevate their own leaders and dispose of emperors

98. b. Economic Troubles Problems facing the empire
Increased robbery and piracy
Hazardous travel
Military required increasing amounts of revenue
Rising taxes decreased the value of money
Growing inflation
Dramatic rise in prices

99. 2. Attempts at reform Diocletian Took power in 284 A.D.
Made empire into an absolute monarchy
Divided empire in two
He ruled the eastern half and appointed a co-ruler to the western half
Both will have assistants called Caesar to help run the empire

100. v. Established a rigid order for society
Sons followed the trades and social positions of their fathers
Peasants permanently tied to the land
Increased the army
vi. Geared commercial and manufacturing activities toward meeting the needs of imperial defense
vii. All of this kept the economy from collapsing immediately

101. b. Constantine Becomes emperor when Diocletian and co-emperor abdicate
Not long after a civil war erupted
When order was restored Constantine was proclaimed the new emperor

102. iv. Continued Diocletian’s policies of state control over society
v. Two key decisions
Supported Christianity
Built a new capital, Constantinople
Located on the shore of the Bosporus in an area called Byzantium

104. 3. Invasion and Fall The Huns They had speed and were ferocious
Had strong leadership
Started attacking areas around the Roman empire sending Germanic tribes into the empire
Visigoths will sack Rome in 410 A.D.
Attila the Hun (leader of the Huns) will start to attack Rome but will be persuaded not to by Pope Leo I

105. b. Fall of the West
Germanic tribes ruled most of the western provinces, including Italy
476- Odoacer, a Barbarian commander, overthrew the last emperor of the west
Western empire collapsed but the Eastern empire continued
Eastern empire became known as the Byzantine Empire