1. Truman and the Early Cold War

2. Crisis in Europe, Winter 1946-47 Cities and industry in ruins Harsh European winter Cities and industry in ruins Harsh European winter

3. Crisis in Europe, cont. Civil wars in Greece and Turkey: Both countries struggle against Communist-supplied guerilla insurgencies and Soviet pressure to access the Mediterranean sea.

4. Crisis in Europe, cont. $400 Million in Economic and Military Aid

5. Crisis in Europe, cont. February 21, 1947:

6. Undersecretary of State Dean Acheson meets with Truman… “Like apples in a barrel infected by the corruption of one rotten one...” “The fall of Greece or Turkey would open Asia, Western Europe, and the oil fields of the Middle East to the Red menace.” “The Soviet Union is playing one of the greatest gambles in history. We and we alone are in a position to break up that play.” Acheson’s view would later become known as “The Domino Theory”

7. “Truman Doctrine” speech to Congress, March 12, 1947 “Mr. President, you’re going to have to scare hell out of the American people.” The United States must support free peoples everywhere “resisting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” “Mr. President, you’re going to have to scare hell out of the American people.” The United States must support free peoples everywhere “resisting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”

8. National Security Act of 1947 Truman reorganizes the U.S. government for permanent war mobilization Unified the Army, Navy, and Air Force into one structure Department of Defense

9. The Marshall Plan, 1948 Secretary of State George Marshall’s “European Recovery Program”  Weapon against Communism Three goals: (Make Europe prosperous again) Secretary of State George Marshall’s “European Recovery Program”  Weapon against Communism Three goals: (Make Europe prosperous again)

13. Stalin tightens his grip Stalin takes over Hungary and Czechoslovakia in 1947 and 1948; Stalin turns his attention to Germany. 1945: Potsdam Agreement divided Germany into 4 separate zones… next slide Stalin takes over Hungary and Czechoslovakia in 1947 and 1948; Stalin turns his attention to Germany. 1945: Potsdam Agreement divided Germany into 4 separate zones… next slide

15. The Berlin Airlift Truman orders massive airlift to provide Berliners with thousands of tons of fuel and food needed to survive

16. The Berlin Airlift

17. Chaos in Asia To contain communism, Truman tries to crush a procommunist movement in the Philippines Also, help France to… Civil War in China leads to China falling to Communism To contain communism, Truman tries to crush a procommunist movement in the Philippines Also, help France to… Civil War in China leads to China falling to Communism

18. 1949: A Really Bad Year. Sept. 1949: Soviet Union successfully explodes their first atomic bomb Oct. 1949: Founding of the Peoples Republic of China Sept. 1949: Soviet Union successfully explodes their first atomic bomb Oct. 1949: Founding of the Peoples Republic of China

19. 1950: Even worse. Jan. 1950: U.S. begins building a Hydrogen bomb, estimated force of 100 tons of TNT NSC-68: http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/president- truman-receives-nsc-68 http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/president- truman-receives-nsc-68 http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/nsc-hst/nsc-68.htm June 24, 1950: Soviet-backed Communist North Korean troops invade U.S.-backed South Korea- The Korean War begins…