1. Bell Work  What’s the difference in motivation for coming to the New World from the settlers at Jamestown to the settlers in New England? This Day in History: August 24, 79- Mount Vesuvius erupts in southern Italy, devastating the prosperous Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum and killing thousands. August 24, 1814- During the War of 1812, the British capture and burn Washington D.C. August 24, 1821- Eleven years after the outbreak of the Mexican War of Independence, Spanish Viceroy Juan de O’Donojú signs the Treaty of Córdoba, which approves a plan to make Mexico an independent constitutional monarchy.

2. The New England and Middle Colonies

3.  Calvinism was born out of Martin Luther’s Protestant Reformation. Calvinists believed in predestination and were anti-Catholic.  A group of Puritan Separatists wanted to leave the Church of England because they did not want to worship with the “damned.”

4.  Puritans from Holland set sail for Virginia in 1620.  They missed their destination and arrived at Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts.  The Mayflower Compact set plans for the future to establish a government. William Bradford was the first governor.

6.  A group of non- separatist Puritans gained a charter to establish the colony of Massachusetts.  The Great Migration of the 1630s brought 70,000 English to the Americas.

7.  John Winthrop was the first governor of the MBC.  The main economic interests in New England were fur trading, fishing, and shipbuilding.

9. New Colonies  Other colonies were founded from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.  In 1636 Thomas Hooker settled Hartford which would later become Connecticut in 1639. Developed the first Constitution in America called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.  Roger Williams believed in separation of church and state and better policies toward natives. He would found Rhode Island.

10. New York and New Jersey New York  Dutch founded New Netherland in 1613 as fur trading post.  New Amsterdam was center of fur trade.  Peter Stuyvesant led the colony from 1647-1664.  English captured colony in 1664 and renamed it New York. New Jersey  English took control in 1664.  The colony occupied land between the Hudson and Delaware rivers.  Had diverse population, including Dutch, Swedes, Finns, and Scots.

11. Pennsylvania  Society of Friends, or Quakers, was one of largest religious groups in New Jersey.  Quakers, who supported nonviolence and religious tolerance, were persecuted.  William Penn founded Pennsylvania, a larger colony for Quakers that provided a safe home.  Penn limited his power, established an elected assembly, and promised religious freedom to all Christians.  Delaware was formed out of the southern part of Pennsylvania by people from Sweden.

12. Staple Crops  Middle colonies had good climate and rich soil to grow staple crops, crops that are always needed.  Crops included wheat, barley, and oats.  There were slaves, but indentured servants were a larger source of labor.  Trade to Britain and the West Indies was important to the economy of middle colonies.

13. Homework  Continue to work on your colonies project. All research should be complete by Friday. Final due and presentations will be next Monday.