2. Purpose of This Lecture Review What We’ve Learned in this Unit So Far, and then… …Explain Where the Unit is Headed

3. Machine farming  decline in demand for farm workers Machine production (factories)  rise in demand for factory workers Factories were built in cities  close to workers and consumers and transportation systems, which brought raw materials and transported finished products

4. (continued) ‘Market Revolution’  American government attempted to support industrialization –private ownership –gov’t stayed out of economy (aka ‘free enterprise’) Rise of banks  provided loans to aspiring industrialists –Unregulated  sometimes led to instability Rise of Monopolies –Robber Barons –Attempts at Anti-Trust Legislation (largely ineffective) –Rise of Unions

5. (continued) Jobs in cities led to migration (from farms to cities- aka ‘urbanization’) and immigration (from foreign countries to American cities).

6. Both Push & Pull Factors increased immigration Push- Escaping failing European economies, political & religious persecution, natural disasters, wars Pull- job opportunities, religious & political freedom, safety

7. (continued) Urbanization  Growth of cities caused by immigration and migration –In particular, freed slaves migrate to northern cities looking for work Cities grew too quickly Overcrowded with a lack of services and little government aid led to horrible living & working conditions

8. Industrialization, Immigration, & Urbanization… 1.Resistance to Immigration - nativism (anti-immigrant sentiments) = led to immigration restrictions like the Chinese Exclusion Act - Americanization Movement (attempt to force American culture on immigrants) - Led to daily discrimination against immigrants (ex: Italian Catholics) 2.Reform Movement -Attempts to deal with the problems of industrialization, urbanization, and immigration -this is the last piece of our unit