1. Sub-Saharan Africa Crash Course

2. Africa: From Colonial Rule to Independence QUIZ Name two of the major colonizing powers in Africa. Why did Europe colonize Africa? Name one of three reasons why the newly freed countries were ill-prepared for independence.

3. Africa

4. Africa (Physical)

5. How big is Africa? 1.1 billion people

6. The Sahara

7. What is this?

8. Victoria Falls Over a mile wide Lies on the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe Drains into the Zambezi River

9. What mountain is this?

10. Mount Kilimanjaro 19,336 feet ▫(Mt. Rainier is 14,409) Africa’s highest point Go through 5 different climatic zones to reach the summit

11. ISSUES Tribal warfare – racism ▫Rwandan and Congolese Genocide Lack of Central Government ▫LRA – Joseph Kony ▫al Shabab ▫Boko Haram Lack of education ▫AIDS ▫Ebola Maintaining Power after Independence ▫Robert Mugabe

12. Tribal Warfare - racism Rwandan Genocide ▫Hutu tribe - 85% of population // Tutsi tribe - 14% of population ▫Hutu extremist + Rwandan political elite blamed the Tutsi for all of Rwanda’s problems ▫April-July 1994 – Hutu president’s plane shot down  Sparked a civil war and gave cover for genocide ▫Campaign to eliminate the Tutsi in Rwanda ▫800,000 men/women/children killed  ¾ of Tutsi population and 1,000s of Hutu that opposed the killing campaign Congolese Genocide ▫After Tutsi take control of Rwanda, 2 million Hutu flee Rwanda – refugees to DRC ▫Causes instability in Zaire/DRC (regime change) ▫5.4 million die in civil war from 1996-2008  Disease and famine – cholera outbreak  Rape as a weapon

13. Rwandan Genocide

14. Congolese Genocide

15. Lack of Central Government Uganda/Rwanda/Democratic Republic of Congo ▫Lord’s Resistance Army ▫Tried to establish a Christian theocracy in Uganda ▫Child soldiers ▫Moved to DRC to take advantage of its instability Somalia ▫Piracy as a form of employment ▫al Shabaab – al Qaeda affiliate Nigeria ▫Boko Haram ▫“Western Education is Forbidden” ▫#bringbackourgirls

16. Lord’s Resistance Army Joseph Kony Northern Uganda Fanatic

17. Child Soldiers Renewable resource Easily trained Easy to scare

18. 1.The first child soldier mentioned was recruited in which country? 2.How many child soldiers does the UN believe are operating world wide? 3.What makes the fighting in Africa different? 4.Why won’t adults follow these warlords? 5.How long have they been fighting in Somalia? 6.How long have they been fighting in Congo? 7.What age would YOU make for the cut-off of child vs. adult soldiers? What is your reasoning? 8.(back page) Where was this child soldier fighting before fleeing to the US? 9.Do you think child soldiers should be considered persecutors (who need to be punished) or victims (who need help and protection)? Why? 10.Let’s say someone (you?) figures out how to “fix” this situation and end the tribal warfare, children as soldiers and genocides and help a country peacefully establish a strong and just central gov’t. How long do you think it would take the country to “get on it’s feet” and overcome these issues? Gettleman, Jeffrey. “Child Soldiers.” Upfront Magazine, New York Times. 3 Sep 2007. Print.

19. Somali Pirates Economic issues Unemployment Who to steal from?

20. Boko Haram Kidnapped 256 school girls in northern Nigeria Nigeria unable to get the girls back Group has killed over 5,000 people since 2009 and kidnapped over 500 women.

21. Lack of Education 128 million school-age children (49 million in US) ▫17 million never educated ▫37 million so ill-educated that they might as well not gone to school In seven countries 40% or more of children don’t meet a minimum standard of learning ▫Ethiopia, Nigeria and Zambia over 50% not learning basic skills Leads to a lack of understanding of how to deal with diseases, particularly AIDS and Ebola Education in Africa is better than it ever has been…

22. Zimbabwe Rhodesia Robert Mugabe Rags to Riches to Rags