1. Welcome to Chemistry!!

2. What is Chemistry? The study of all substances – composition, structure and properties - and the changes that they can undergo. Chemistry is everything!!

3. Branches of Chemistry CHEMISTRY Organic Inorganic Biological Physical AnalyticalTheoretical

4. Types of Research Basic – for the sake of increasing knowledge Applied – generally used to solve a problem Technological Development – production/use of products to improve quality of life

5. What is Matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Mass is the amount of matter in an object.

6. Building Blocks of Matter Atom – smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element Element – pure substance, all one type of atom Compound – made of atoms of two or more elements chemically bonded

7. Properties Extensive – depend on amount of matter –Ex: volume, mass Intensive – do not depend on amount of matter –Ex: melting and boiling point, density

8. Physical Properties Physical Property- a property that can be observed and measured without changing the substance. Physical change - changes appearances, without changing the composition.

9. States of Matter Solid- has definite shape and definite volume. Liquid- definite volume but takes the shape of its container (flows). Gas- a substance without definite volume or shape and can flow. Plasma- high temperature state of matter where atoms lose most of their electrons

10. Solid Liquid Gas Definite Volume? YES NO Definite Shape? YES NO Temp. increase Small Expans. Large Expans. Com- pressible? NO YES States of Matter

11. Solid Liquid Gas Melt Evaporate Condense Freeze

12. Chemical Properties Chemical Property- a property that can only be observed by changing the type of substance. Examples: Flammability, decomposition, reactivity Chemical change/reaction - a change where a new form of matter is formed.

13. Chemical Reactions Reactants: substances that react Products: substances that are formed Paper + Oxygen + Fire  Ash + Smoke

14. Classification of Matter

15. MATTER Can it be separated? Mixtures Pure Substances Is composition uniform? Can it be decomposed by ordinary chemical means? Homogeneous Mixture Air, sugar water, stainless steel Heterogeneous Mixture Granite, wood, blood Compounds Water, sodium chloride Elements Gold, aluminum yes no

16. Mixtures Blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties Heterogeneous- mixture is not the same from place to place. –Chocolate chip cookie, gravel, soil. –VISIBLE particles Homogeneous- same composition throughout. aka: solution –Kool-aid, air. –NON-VISIBLE particles

17. Separating Mixtures Heterogeneous mixtures use filtration or vaporization Homogeneous CANNOT use filtration - use distillation, crystallization and chromatography

18. Distillation

19. Chromatography

20. Pure Substances Either Compounds or Elements Every sample has exactly same characteristic properties (mixtures depend on components) Every sample has exactly same composition ALWAYS

21. Which is it? Element Compound Mixture

22. MATTER Can it be separated? Mixtures Pure Substances Is composition uniform? Can it be decomposed by ordinary chemical means? Homogeneous Mixture Air, sugar water, stainless steel Heterogeneous Mixture Granite, wood, blood Compounds Water, sodium chloride Elements Gold, aluminum yes no

23. Elements

24. Periodic Table Elements are organized into groups based on similar chemical properties Vertical columns – Groups/Families Horizontal rows – Periods 2 rows on the bottom –Lanthanide series –Actinide series

25. Types of Elements

26. Mr. Green. Mr. Green’s Homepage. 10 Sept. 2003. http://www.tvgreen.com/index.htm. 22 Aug. 2004 Metals

27. Conduct electricity and heat Malleable: hammered into sheets Ductile: drawn into wire Tensile strength: resist breaking when pulled

28. Mr. Green. Mr. Green’s Homepage. 10 Sept. 2003. http://www.tvgreen.com/index.htm. 22 Aug. 2004 Nonmetals

29. Mr. Green. Mr. Green’s Homepage. 10 Sept. 2003. http://www.tvgreen.com/index.htm. 22 Aug. 2004 Metalloids

30. Types of Elements Nonmetals –Poor conductor of heat and electricity –Solids are brittle Metalloid –Share characteristics of metals and nonmetals –semiconductors Noble Gases – relatively unreactive