1. CHAPTER 1
Chemistry

2. What is Chemistry? Natural Sciences Chemistry -
Study of composition, structure, and properties of substances and the changes they undergo
Biological Sciences
Concerned with living things
Physical Sciences
Non-living things
CHEMISTRY!!

3. What is Chemistry? Chemistry Chemical
Study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes
Chemical
Any substance that has a specific composition
Examples – sucrose, carbon dioxide, water

4. Branches of Chemistry Organic Inorganic Physical Biochemistry
Study of substances containing carbon
Inorganic
Study of substances that do not contain carbon
Physical
Study of interrelationships between energy and matter
Biochemistry
Study of processes that occur in living things
Analytical
Identification of substances and determination of the composition
Theoretical
Uses math and computers to explain and make predictions

5. Types of Research Basic Research Applied Technological Development
Increasing knowledge
How? Why?
Applied
Solve a problem
Technological Development
Production and use of products that improve our quality of life

6. Basic Building Blocks of Matter
Atom
Smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element
Smallest “piece” of matter
Element
A pure substance made up of only one kind of atom
Weight
Measure of the Earth’s gravitational pull for matter
Use a scale
Mass
Measure of the amount of matter in a substance
Use a balance

7. Basic Building Blocks of Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Inertia
Resistance to change in motion
Law of Conservation of Mass
Matter cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical reactions

8. Properties Extensive property Intensive property
Depends on the amount of matter
Volume, mass, shape, state
Intensive property
Does NOT depend on amount of matter
Density, melting point, boiling point

9. Properties Physical property Physical change
Can be observed or measured without altering identity of substance
Color, weight
Physical change
Any change that does NOT change identity of substance
Melting, cutting wire

10. Properties Change of state States of matter
Physical change from one state to another
States of matter
Solid
Definite volume, definite shape; closely packed
Rotational motion of particles
Liquid
Definite volume, indefinite shape; Not as closely packed
Rotational and Vibrational motion
Gas
Indefinite volume and shape; Widely spaced particles
Rotational, Vibrational and Translational motion
Plasma
High temperature state in which atoms lose electrons

12. Properties Chemical property Chemical change
Ability of a substance to undergo a change that alters its identity
Chemical change
A change in which new, different substance are formed (a change to its identity)
Reactant
Substances that undergo a change
Product
Substances that are formed
Reactants  Products

13. Evidence of a chemical change
Test products
Only way to have proof!
Gives of heat and/or light
Chemiluminescence – gives off light
Start video at 1:15
Exothermic Rxn – gives off heat
Endothermic Rxn – takes in heat
Production of a gas (bubbles)
Formation of a precipitate
Precipitate – a solid that separates from solution

14. Quiz http://www.quia.com/quiz/303980.html Demos Hot/Cold Packs
Vinegar/Baking Soda
“Beverage” simulation
Chemiluminescence
Stop Light Reaction
Oscillating Color

15. Energy Ability to cause change or ability to do work Classification
Examples – chemical, electrical, mechanical, sound, thermal, light, and more…
Classification
Kinetic
Energy of motion
Potential
Stored energy

16. Energy Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy can be converted from one form to another; cannot be created or destroyed
Law of Conservation of Mass (matter) and Energy
Matter and energy cannot be created or destroyed

17. Classification of Matter
Two types of matter
Mixture – blend of 2 or more kinds of matter; each keeps own properties; can be separated physically
Heterogeneous – not uniform throughout
Salt and pepper, pizza, granite
Homogeneous – uniform in composition; solution
Salt water
Pure substance – same composition; cannot be separated by physical means (you lose all original properties when separating)
Element – cannot be decomposed by ordinary change
Au, Fe, Na
Compound – can be decomposed into 2 or more simpler substances - chemically
H2O, sugar

18. Classification of Matter
(Text – Pg 15)
=SAME THROUGHOUT

19. Matter Law of Definite Composition
A chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportion by mass regardless of size

20. Elements They are the building blocks of matter
They are organized on the Periodic Table
Group/Family
Vertical columns (1-18)
Elements very similar to each other in a family
Period
Horizontal rows (1-7)

21. Elements Types of elements Metals Nonmetals Metalloids
Left side of Periodic Table
Good conductor or heat/electricity, luster, ductile, malleable
Nonmetals
Right side of table
Poor conductor
Noble Gases – group 18, non-reactive, very stable
Metalloids
Along step ladder
Semiconductors – Si, Ge

22. Elements
KNOW THE COMMON ELEMENT NAMES AND SYMBOLS!!! THESE WILL NOT GO AWAY. YOU ARE GOING TO NEED THEM ALL YEAR LONG!!!

23. GROUP/FAMILY
NONMETALS
METALLOIDS
METALS
PERIOD