1. Matter and Change

2. Section 1-2 Matter and Its Properties
I. Matter-anything that has mass and takes up space.
A. Atoms are the smallest kind of matter.
B. Elements (pure) made of only one kind of atom.

3. Compounds – made of two or more atoms.
Properties of elements –
1. Extensive properties – depend on amount. Ex. Mass, length, volume, etc
2. Intensive properties - do not depend on amount. Ex. Density, malleability, conductivity, ductility, color, melting point, etc.

4. Physical properties – this is the physical appearance of a substance
1. Physical change – substance will remain the same.
2. Changes in state are physical changes.
a. Solid – definite volume and shape low energy
b. Liquid – definite volume not shape, more energy than a solid
c. Gas – no definite volume or shape, most energy.
d. Plasma – high temp., atoms lose electrons

5. Chemical properties – the ability of a substance to undergo a change into a new substance.
1. Chemical change – one or more new substances are formed (called a product) ex. Rusting, burning, etc.
***The law of conservation of matter must be met.

6. Classification of matter –
1. Mixture - contains tow or more materials. There are two basic types of mixtures
a. Heterogeneous mixture – unevenly mixed
b. Homogenous mixture – evenly mixed. A.K.A. Solution
**parts of a solution
Solute – dissolved material (smallest amount)
Solvent – dissolving material (larger amount)
***Pure substance – can be compounds or elements. Always has the same composition

7. Section 3 Elements
Groups or families are vertical rows, have similar characteristics
Period are horizontal rows properties change regularly across a period.
Metal – conduct heat and electricity, usually a solid.
Nonmetals – do not conduct heat or electricity.
Metalloid – has characteristics of both metals an nonmetals.
Noble gas – group 18 unreactive