1. The Costs of Manifest Destiny
Does anyone have a pen?

2. What is Manifest Destiny?
* A belief that the United States had the right to rule the entire continent
* Expansion of US power from the Atlantic to the Pacific
* Examples
- Texas
- Mexican Cession
- California Goldrush

3. Lincoln’s Manifest Destiny
* Homestead Act of 1862
- Incentive to settle the Great Plains area
- 160 acres
- If you agree to work the land for 5 years, you get to own the land- no cost

4. “Go West Young Man, Go West!” Horace Greeley 1867

5. Trans-Continental Railroad
Completed at Promontory Point, Utah in 1869
Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads
Trans- Continental-
* Definition- the first coast to coast railroad network
* Cut down travel time from San Francisco to New York City from 4 months to 10 days
Last stake made of GOLD
* US Government helped finance through land grants

6. Positive Aspects of Expansion
* Improved economic opportunities for average Americans
* Increased wealth of United States
*Allowed for technological advancements to occur
* Helped the nation become larger in size, power and world prestige

7. Wait a minute!!!
Don’t people already live in the Great Plains? (modern day mid-west)
How would you handle an American Indian land claim if you were?…
An American Indian Chief?
President Grant?
Owner of the Central Pacific Railroad?
Average American looking to take advantage of the Homestead Act?

8. Negative Impact of Expansion
A Closer Look at the “Dark Side”

9. Treaties
* By 1800’s, the US had created a legacy of broken treaties with the Iroquois, Cherokee, Nez Perces and many other nations.
* Book- Century of Dishonor by Helen Hunt Jackson
*Story of Red Cloud and the Treaty of Fort Laramie
“Many, if not most, of our Indian wars have had their origin in broken promises and acts of injustice upon our part.” President Rutherford B. Hayes
Red Cloud

10. The Treaty of Fort Laramie
Red Cloud and the treaty of Fort Laramie
He was the Chief of the Oglala Sioux,
Red Cloud was known for his feats of courage, and he attracted followers from other tribes in addition to his own.
He led the fight against the U.S. government's plan to open the Bozeman Trail.

11. Can you find these States?

12. Would this be the end of the land conflicts? Absolutely Not!
The proposed trail and its forts cut right through a vital Sioux hunting ground just east of the Bighorn Mountains in South Dakota. For two years, Red Cloud mounted attacks against the project, among them the Fetterman Massacre of 1866, one of the most severe. He and his followers were successful, and the government abandoned the trail after signing the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868.

13. Gold was Discovered!

14. Wars
Through a series of Indian Wars in the 1870’s and ending at Wounded Knee in 1890, the West was won.
The Sioux
Black Hills, South Dakota
General Custer
Little Big Horn
Legend of Crazy Horse
The Apache
Last of the major Indian resistance
Geronimo’s surrender in Arizona

15. Reservations * The Dawes Act- 1887
The Americanization of the American Indian
A promise of ownership and citizenship after 25 years
A promise gone un-kept until the 1930s
* The growth of poverty- unfertile land, lack of job opportunity, land repossession by US Government

16. The Buffalo
* The buffalo were essential to the Indians of the Great Plains
* Native Americans used all parts of the buffalo- jewelry, hides, hoofs, rattles

17. Slaughter of Buffalo Buffalo slaughtered by the thousands
Some buffalos shot from train- reductions given to ticket price
15 million buffalo in 1865….34 in 1903!
9 million buffalo slaughtered between 1872 and 1874

18. Chief Joseph “I will fight no more”

19. Points of Discussion
How did the Government encourage Manifest Destiny?
How did Westward expansion change American Society?
Describe the impact Manifest Destiny had on the American Indian.
How can we, the Government and American Indians aid in the final healing process?
Should American Indians have special rights today for past injustices?

20. Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee: What Can We Learn?

21. American Indian History Timeline