1.  Biomolecules

2. What is Biochemistry  The study of the chemistry of life (involving matter).

3. Element  Basic Building Block of matter that can not be broken down  About 26 found in living things  C=Carbon  H= Hydrogen  N=Nitrogen  O= Oxygen

4. Atoms  Made of 3 types of subatomic particles In the nucleus  Protons : Positive  Neutrons :Neutral Orbiting the nucleus  Electrons : Negative

5. Compound  2 or more atoms chemically combined  What is H 2 O?

6. Covalent?  Sharing of electrons between atoms CO 2

7. Ionic:  transfer of electrons between atoms NaCl

8. Buffers  Chemical that neutralize small amounts of acids/ bases

9. Monomers vs. Polymers  Small parts of a long chain  Refers to a molecule that is a long chain of many smaller parts

10. 4 major Biomolecules 1. Lipid 2. Carbohydrate 3. Nucleic Acid 4. Protein

11. Lipid  Organic compound used for long term energy storage and makes up cell membrane. Contain carbon an hydrogen (fat, oil, wax)

12. Lipid  Long term energy storage  Made up of Carbon and hydrogen

13. Plasma Membrane: made of lipids

14. EXAMPLES  Fats  Oils  Waxes

15. Carbohydrate  Is the quickest energy storage for life. Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

16. Carbohydrate Energy storage (OSE=SUGAR)

17. GLUCOSE: Simple sugar  The monomer of Carbohydrates

18. CELLULOSE: Rigid, makes up cell wall Found in plants cell wall

19. STARCHES: Complex (polysaccharides)  POLY?

20. GLYCOGEN: Long-term backup glucose source

21. Nucleic Acid  Monomer: Nucleotides  DNA: stores genetic info in the nucleus  RNA: Transmits genetic info for protein production

22. Nucleotide PHOSPHATE, SUGAR, NITROGEN BASE

23. DNA Structure

24. Protein  Monomer: Amino Acid (aa)  Polypeptide chain (peptide bond)  Function : used for growth and repair. Provides essential enzymes and other structures that are used for growth and repair

25. Protein  Contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

26. Insulin  Released by the pancreas; regulates blood sugar (helps body use sugar)  If you body can not reach the blood levels recommended you have to take insulin

27. Enzymes  Catalysts(speed up reactions; break things down)

28. Lock and Key  When the substrate binds to the enzyme!

29. How Enzymes work Substrate: the molecule to which an enzyme binds to the substrate and acts upon (Puzzle pieces)

30. What affects enzymes?  Temperature and pH  The shape is change ( denatured)

31. Activation Energy  The necessary energy to start a chemical reaction

32. Activation Energy

33. pH Scale  The scale that is used to identify acids and bases (range 0-14) Acids below 7, bases above 7

34. Organic compound?  CONTAINS CAROBON

35. Hemoglobin  Protein in red blood cells. Carries oxygen in the blood