1. Pamela Caceres & S. Mireya Márquez Social Justice Block B April 2010

3. Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule with the exception of a short-lived Italian occupation from 1936-41. In 1974, a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist sTorn by bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was finally toppled in 1991 by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). A constitution was adopted in 1994, and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. A border war with Eritrea late in the 1990s ended with a peace treaty in December 2000. The Eritrea-Ethiopia Border Commission in November 2007 remotely demarcated the border by geographical coordinates, but final demarcation of the boundary on the ground is currently on hold because of Ethiopian objections to an international commission's finding requiring it to surrender territory considered sensitive to Ethiopiatate.

5. Nationality : Ethiopian(s). Population : 80 million. Annual growth rate : 3.2%. Ethnic groups : Oromo 40%, Amhara 25%, Tigre 7%, Somali 6%, Sidama 9%, Gurage 2%, Wolaita 4%, Afar 4%, other 3%. Religions : Ethiopian Orthodox Christian 40%, Sunni Muslim 45-50%, Protestant 5%, remainder indigenous beliefs. Languages : Amharic (official), Tigrinya, Arabic, Guaragigna, Oromifa, English, Somali. Education : Years compulsory--none. Attendance (elementary)-- 57%. Literacy--43%. Health : Infant mortality rate--93/1,000 live births. Work force : Agriculture--80%. Industry and commerce--20%

6. Type: Federal republic. Constitution: Ratified 1994. Branches: Executive--president, Council of State, Council of Ministers. Executive power resides with the prime minister. Legislative—bicameral parliament. Judicial--divided into federal and regional courts. Political parties: Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), the Unity for Democracy and Justice (UDJ) party, the United Ethiopian Democratic Forces (UEDF), Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement (OFDM), and other small parties. Suffrage: Universal starting at age 18. Central government budget (2009/2010): $5.2 billion. Defense: $354 million (1.19% of GDP FY 2009/2010). National holiday: May 28.

7. GDP (FY 2008-2009): $32.3 billion. Annual growth rate (2009-2010, government estimate): 9.9%. GDP per capital (2009): $404. Average inflation rate (FY 2008-2009): 36%. Natural resources: Potash, salt, gold, copper, platinum, natural gas (unexploited). Agriculture (45% of GDP): Products--coffee, cereals, pulses, oilseeds, khat, meat, hides and skins. Cultivated land--17%. Industry (13% of GDP): Types--textiles, processed foods, construction, cement, and hydroelectric power. Services (42% of GDP). Trade (2008): Exports--$1.5 billion. Imports--$6.8 billion; plus remittances--official est. $970 million; unofficial est. $815 million. Fiscal year: July 8-July 7.

8. The political history, civil war, conflicts of Ethiopia with Eritrea, and current food crisis also affect dynamics of HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. HIV/AIDS is not a major factor underlying the food crisis in Ethiopia unlike in southern Africa. The Ethiopian women having little power in sexual negotiation with their husbands tend to live in a polygamous union while the aspects of poverty and unemployment increased trafficking of Ethiopian women. Population 2008: 1,300,000 People living with HIV/AIDS 2007: 980,000 Women (aged 15+) with HIV/AIDS: 2007 530,000 Children with HIV/AIDS 2007: 92,000 Adult HIV prevalence (%) 2007: 2.1 AIDS deaths 2007: 67,000

9.  http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2859.htm http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2859.htm  http://www.ruralpovertyportal.org/web/guest/country/home/tags/ethiopia http://www.ruralpovertyportal.org/web/guest/country/home/tags/ethiopia  http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1356575 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1356575  http://countrystudies.us/ethiopia/104.htm http://countrystudies.us/ethiopia/104.htm  http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Africa/Ethiopia-POVERTY-AND- WEALTH.html http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Africa/Ethiopia-POVERTY-AND- WEALTH.html  http://www.indexmundi.com/ethiopia/gdp_real_growth_rate.htmlPopulation Reference Bureau & UNAIDS View detailed maphttp://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/global?page=cr09-et-00 http://www.indexmundi.com/ethiopia/gdp_real_growth_rate.htmlPopulation Reference BureauUNAIDSView detailed maphttp://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/global?page=cr09-et-00  http://sitagita.com/hiv-aids/world/ethiopia/ http://sitagita.com/hiv-aids/world/ethiopia/  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html