1. African Governments Kenya, South Africa & Sudan
SS7CG2a
The structure of modern government in Africa

2. IMPORTANT VOCABULARY PLEASE WRITE THESE DOWN:
Republic ~Involves the government using and abiding by the constitution heavily. Personal rights are respected and cannot be taken away.
Constitutional republic ~a state where the head of state and other officials are elected as representatives of the people, and must govern according to existing constitutional law. Also, powers are separated. (Ex. U.S.A.)
Head of state(H.O.S)~ the chief public representative of a country who may also be the head of government (President, Prime Minister, etc.)
Head of Government (H.O.G) ~ is the top administrative leader who is designated to manage the day-to-day activities of the government
President~ chief executive officer of a government; also the head of state.
Personal freedoms~ freedom of expression, freedom of movement, freedom of press, etc...

3. 3 main ways governments distribute, or share, power . . .
federal
unitary
confederation

4. UNITARY GOVERNMENT
Definition: Central government holds power and shares with regional (if they want)
Central Authority
Regional Authority

5. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
Definition: power is SHARED between central government and regional governments
Regional Authority
Central Authority

6. Definition: Regional has MORE power and shares w/central
CONFEDERAL GOVERNMENT
Definition: Regional has MORE power and shares w/central
Central Authority
Regional Authority

7. rule by one OLIGARCHIC DEMOCRATIC rule by all
AUTOCRATIC
rule by one
OLIGARCHIC
rule by the few
DEMOCRATIC
rule by all

8. Kenya South Africa Sudan Country Type of Govt
Head of State/Head of Government (HOS, HOG)
Who Can Vote?
Degree of Personal Freedom for Citizens
Year of Independence
from Colonial Rule
Kenya
Republicwith a one house National Assembly
President =HOS
Prime Minister = HOG
18 and older
Limited personal freedoms (press, speech, criticism of govt)
1963 from Great Britain
South
Africa
Republic with a 2 house National Assembly
President is HOS and is elected by National Assembly
18 and older *vote on members of National Assembly*
Numerous personal freedoms, similar to USA
1910 From Great Britain, but apartheid did not end until 1994
Sudan
“republic”
But run by a Dictator as president
President/
Dictator Omar al-Bashir has all power
When there will be elections, 17 and older
VERY LIMITED due to dictator control
1956 from Egypt and Great Britain

9. Republic of Kenya

10. Republic, with one-house legislature called the National Assembly
Country
Type of Government
Republic of Kenya
Republic, with one-house legislature called the National Assembly

11. prime minister was established.
Country
Head of State
Republic of Kenya
Kenya had a presidential democracy until the election of The position of
prime minister was established.
NOW they have a President=Head of State
PM=Head of Govt.

12. All citizens 18 years of age or older can vote
Country
Who Can Vote
Republic of Kenya
All citizens 18 years of age or older can vote

13. Degree of Personal Freedom for Citizens
Country
Degree of Personal Freedom for Citizens
Republic of Kenya
Freedoms are written into constitution but gov’t is dominated by the president. There have been improvements in rights recently. Limited freedom of speech and press and criticism of govt

14. In 1963 from Great Britain Republic of Kenya
Country
Type of Government
Head of State
Who Can Vote
Degree of Personal Freedom for Citizens
Year of Independence from Colonial Rule
Republic of Kenya
Republic, with one-house legislature called the National Assembly
Kenya had a presidential form of
democracy until the election of The position of
prime minister was established.
President=Chief of State
PM=Head of Govt.
All citizens 18 years of age or older can vote
Freedoms are written in the
constitution. The new constitution
guaranteed many freedoms:
freedom of
expression, freedom of movement, and
freedom from discrimination
In 1963 from Great Britain

15. Checking for understanding- Stand up or sit down
If you think the statement below is true STAND UP, if you think it is FALSE, sit down!
Kenya had a prime minister and a president prior to a recent March 2013 election.

16. Republic of South Africa

17. Republic, with two-house National Assembly (parliamentary)
Country
Type of Government
Republic of South Africa
Republic, with two-house National Assembly (parliamentary)

18. President elected by the National Assembly (legislature)
Country
Type of Government
Head of State
Republic of South Africa
Republic, with two-house National Assembly
President elected by the National Assembly (legislature)
President
answers to the National Assembly and may
Only serve two five year terms.

19. All citizens 18 years of age or older can vote
Country
Type of Government
Head of State
Who Can Vote
Republic of South Africa
Republic, with two-house National Assembly
President elected by the National Assembly
All citizens 18 years of age or older can vote

20. Degree of Personal Freedom for Citizens
Country
Degree of Personal Freedom for Citizens
Republic of South Africa
Personal Freedoms are numerous.
The constitution ensures equality before
the law and prohibits discrimination.
It guarantees the right to life, privacy,
property, freedom, and security of the
person, and freedom of speech, religion,
assembly and association.
It prohibits slavery and forced labor.

21. Year of Independence from Colonial Rule
Country
Year of Independence from Colonial Rule
Republic of South Africa
South Africa became independent from Great Britain in The racially segregated government ended in 1994 when majority rule was established.

22. Checking for Understanding
Grab a partner (someone at your table)
If you and your partner think the statement is true, FACE each other. If you and your partner think it’s false, turn your backs to each other!
SOUTH AFRICA’S president can serve 3 FIVE YEAR terms.

23. Republic of Sudan

24. Country
Type of Government
Republic of Sudan
Federal republic ruled by the National Congress Party (NCP), which seized power by military coup in 1989
*President is a dictator*

25. President and Head of State lead the National Congress Party.
Country
Type of Government
Head of State
Republic of Sudan
A government of national unity was formed with a National Legislature. The government is dominated by the National Congress Party however
President and Head of State lead the National Congress Party.
Current president, Omar al Bashir is considered a dictator

26. President and Head of State lead the National Congress Party.
Country
Type of Government
Head of State
Who Can Vote
Republic of Sudan
A government of national unity was formed with a National Legislature. The government is dominated by the National Congress Party however
President and Head of State lead the National Congress Party.
All citizens 17 years of age or older can vote

27. Degree of Personal Freedom for Citizens
Country
Degree of Personal Freedom for Citizens
Republic of Sudan
Citizens of Sudan have few real constitutional freedoms unless they are associated with the National Congress Party. Most government position are appointed. Elections are supposed to be held in the near future.

28. Year of Independence from Colonial Rule
Country
Year of Independence from Colonial Rule
Republic of Sudan
Sudan became independent of Egypt and Great Britain in 1956

29. A little background information on Sudan:
Number #1 on the list of worst dictators is Sudan’s current president, al Bashir.
Taking power in 1989, al Bashir and his regime abolished the existing government, suspended the Constitution, restricted freedom of press, and arrested prominent politicians.
The citizens DID NOT vote for al Bashir; he used his military force to become dictator

30. South Sudan

31. Where is South Sudan?
East-Central Africa, south of Sudan, north of Uganda and Kenya, west of Ethiopia
South Sudan is a republic
Capital city is called Juba

32. What happened?
The people who live in the region of South Sudan have wanted to be separated for years (since 1800’s)
They do not follow Islam
They do not get along with the other Sudanese people
When Sudan gained its independence in 1956, it was thought that the southerners would be able to participate fully in the government
However, the Arab government did not follow its promises

33. 2 Sudanese Civil Wars This led to a revolt
st civil war
nd civil war
Around 2.5 million people died - mostly civilians - due to starvation and drought
Around 5 million people have been displaced or become refugees

34. Peace Talks?
Peace talks resulted in a Comprehensive Peace Agreement -signed in January 2005
As part of this agreement, the south was granted a six-year period of independence
These 6 years were to be followed by a vote on a final status
The result of the vote (held in January 2011) was a vote of 98% in favor of secession
Independence was attained on July 9, 2011

35. What now? South Sudan is rich in oil reserves
However, it is landlocked and there is not much industry and growth
Widespread poverty
Govt spends a lot of money to maintain a large army

36. Sudan
Kenya
South Africa