GHSGT in Social Studies

GHSGT in Social Studies
McEachern High School

Social Studies GHSGT 90 multiple-choice questions.
4 possible answer choices; only one is the correct answer. You should be able to complete the test in 60 minutes. However, you have up to 3 hours and 10 minutes if needed.

Social Studies GHSGT Domains
Domain 1: American Government/Civics (18%) Domain 2: U.S. History to 1865 (26%) Domain 3: U.S. History since 1865 (25%) Domain 4: Geography (13%) Domain 5: World History (18%) Map and Globe Skills and Information Processing Skills

American Government/Civics (18% of test)
These items test your knowledge of the philosophical foundations of the U.S. government and how that philosophy developed into the structure and function of the U.S. government. Also tested is your knowledge of the U.S. government’s relationship to states and to its citizens.

US History (51% of test) U.S. History to 1865 (approximately 26% of the test) These items test your knowledge of major events and themes in U.S. history from early European colonization to the end of the Civil War. U.S. History since 1865 (approximately 25% of the test) These items test your knowledge of major events and themes in U.S. history from Reconstruction to the late twentieth century.

World Geography (13% of test)
These items test your knowledge of the importance and impact of physical and cultural geography on the development of regions throughout the world. Assessment of this domain will focus on geography content that you will have had an opportunity to learn in your study of World History and U.S. History.

World History (18% of test)
Although the GPS World History standards begin in pre-history and extend to the early days of the twenty-first century, items in this domain will test your knowledge of major events and themes beginning with the Renaissance and Reformation period and ending in the second half of the twentieth century.

Map & Globe Skills & Information Processing Skills
Found in the transitional test content description but not assessed as separate domains. These Social Studies skills are included in the content of test questions as appropriate.

Social Studies GHSGT DOK
The questions on the test require a range of thinking skills. You may be asked to identify, describe, explain, analyze, or evaluate important events, themes, and concepts. Some questions may involve reading a short excerpt from a primary or secondary source; others may require you to interpret a map, graph, or table.

Level 1 Depth of Knowledge Some items will ask you to recall facts Who, what, when, and where questions. Often ask you to identify Measure your ability to recall important facts

Level 2 Depth of Knowledge Many questions will involve more complex mental processes than simply recalling facts. describe or explain people, places, events, and concepts demonstrate understanding of cause and effect contrast or compare, give examples, or classify

Level 3 Depth of Knowledge You should expect to see many challenging questions on the test. analyze or evaluate information draw conclusions; show evidence; apply concepts to new situations use concepts to solve problems; analyze similarities and differences in issues and problems; make connections

Sample Question DOK 1 1. Based on the U.S. Constitution, which development would cause a state to gain representation in the House of Representatives? A. the election of a governor B. the election of a president C. the growth of a state’s population D. the creation of a new state political party

Sample Question DOK 1 American Government/Civics Standard 9:
The student will explain the differences between the House of Representatives and the Senate, with emphasis on terms of office, powers, organization, leadership, and representation of each house. An important difference between the House of Representatives and the Senate is that representation in the House is based on a state’s population. The correct answer is C.

Sample Question DOK 2 2. The term Manifest Destiny directly relates to which recurring theme in U.S. history during the 1800s? A. abolition B. federalism C. social reform D. territorial expansion

Sample Question DOK 2 U.S. History Standard 7b:
Describe the westward growth of the United States; include the emerging concept of Manifest Destiny. Explaining the growth of the United States in the first half of the 19th century includes the ability to describe the meaning of Manifest Destiny. The correct answer is D.

Sample Question DOK 3 Use this map to answer the question. 3. Which factor has had the greatest influence on shaping human culture in the shaded region on the map? A. religion B. agriculture C. urbanization D. democratization

Sample Question DOK 3 World Geography Standard 3e:
Explain the impact of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the development of [contemporary Northern Africa and Southwest Asia’s] culture. You have studied 20th century political events including ethnic conflicts and new nationalisms (World History Standards 19 and 20). You should be familiar with the influence of Islam in the shaded region on the map. The correct answer is A.

Test Taking Strategies
Read everything carefully. Many of the GHSGT questions include quotations, maps, diagrams, tables, or graphs. You should read all parts of each test item very carefully, including directions, questions, and all four answer choices.

Remember that there are no trick questions. The questions are not designed to be tricky. If you read the entire question, including all accompanying material. Think carefully about what the question is asking. You may be looking for the best answer among the choices. If so, the word best will be emphasized.

Sometimes questions ask you for the choice that is not correct among the options. Always notice words such as not, except, or but in the question. These words tell you to look for a choice that does not answer or complete the item stem correctly. For example, you might be asked: Which power is not given to the Senate by the U.S. Constitution? You should look for the answer that does not include a power of the Senate. Three of the choices will be powers given to the Senate.

Consider every choice. From the four answer choices, you must choose the one that best answers the question. Some of the alternative choices (distracters) will be attractive because they include an irrelevant detail, a common misconception, or the correct information applied in the wrong way.

Guess intelligently. There is no penalty for guessing on any GHSGT Guessing is easier if you can eliminate one or more distracters as clearly incorrect. Be warned, however, that many of the distracters are very attractive because they are based on common mistakes students make

Spend test time wisely. Many tests are arranged so that the easier items are first and the harder items are last. The GHSGT is not arranged in this way. Therefore, it is possible to find several difficult questions followed by a set of easier questions later. If you come to a few hard questions, do not get discouraged. It would be better to move on, answer as many questions as possible, and then go back to answer the remaining questions.

Preparing for the Test The Social Studies Student Guide from the GADOE (on SS page of school website) Describes the content that you can expect to find on the test. Provides sample test items on pages 11–18 that are representative of test items that assess content knowledge of each of the five domains 35 questions practice test on pages 19–33 to help you prepare to take the actual test.

Preparing for the Test USA Test Prep Georgia Online Assessment System
Username: mceachern Activation Code: Newton25 Georgia Online Assessment System Login is your GTID # which you can get from your teacher.

Social Studies Skills Practice for the GHSGT
Information Processing Exercises to practice your Social Studies Skills General Test Taking Strategies 10 Tips for Terrific Test Taking Hints for Multiple Choice Tests Practice Tests Online Practice Test - Social Studies Skills Regents Test Prep - U.S. History & Government Vocabulary Practice with Quizlet GEOGRAPHY TERMS - human GEOGRAPHY TERMS - physical EARLY U.S. HISTORY TERMS LATER U.S. HISTORY TERMS ECONOMICS TERMS WORLD HISTORY TERMS

Map Skills

When you approach a GHSGT or EOCT question that contains a MAP, be sure to:
Read the map TITLE first Check the LEGEND or KEY for symbols “Read” the map – see where and how the symbols are used Remember, “to” is where you are going; “from” is where you started! Read all maps carefully, follow any arrows and other clues provided WRITE ON THE TEST!!! (Remember to DO this)

Sample Map Legends

Find these Map Features on the next slide…
Map Title Legend/Key Directional Indicator Scale

TITLE COMPASS ROSE LEGEND SCALE

Find on this Map The TITLE Information shared in the LEGEND/KEY
The DIRECTIONAL INDICATOR Region of this country with the highest elevation Two cities located in the lowest elevation region Body of water that borders this country City that is further north: Rustavi or Poti City that is further east: Gori or Batumi Two countries that border Georgia Importance of Mt. Elbrus Capital city of Georgia Approximate distance in miles from Sokhumi to Rustavi

LATITUDE = imaginary lines that measure distance north and south of the Equator LONGITUDE = imaginary lines that measure distance east and west of the Prime Meridian

ARCTIC ZONE N TEMPERATE ZONE TROPICAL ZONE TEMPERATE ZONE ARCTIC ZONE

Climate Zones Explained
TROPICS North and south of Equator, between 22.5°N and 22.5°S Warmest climate region Sun’s direct rays always shine here ARCTIC ZONES North of 66.5°N and south of 66.5°S Coldest climate regions Sun’s rays are never direct/winter season has very long nights/summer has very long days TEMPERATE ZONES Between Tropics and Arctic Zones in both hemispheres Temperatures are moderate – neither extremely cold nor extremely hot for long periods of time

World History

World History Students of World History must understand major events and themes in world history from the Renaissance and Reformation period to the second half of the twentieth century. Assessment of this domain focuses on students’ ability to describe, explain, analyze, and evaluate important events, themes, and concepts from the Italian Renaissance to developments related to globalization in the late 1900s. Assessment of World History includes items that require students to interpret primary source material, maps, graphs, and charts as well as apply geographical knowledge to very specific historical events.

Major world powers were made part of the U.N. Security Council.
Explain the military and diplomatic negotiations between the leaders of Great Britain (Churchill), the Soviet Union (Stalin), and the United States (Roosevelt/Truman) from Tehran to Yalta and Potsdam and the impact on the nations of Eastern Europe. WWII victors formed a new peacekeeping organization-the United Nations. Major world powers were made part of the U.N. Security Council. Each member has veto power over peacekeeping and other operations. Germany was divided into four zones-each was occupied by an allied power. An ‘iron curtain” divided the democratic West and the Communist East. Military alliances of NATO and Warsaw Pact are formed.

Practice 1. Which newspaper headline illustrates a policy of appeasement? a. “Dien Bien Phu Falls; French to Leave Vietnam” b. “Chamberlain Agrees to German Demands: Sudetenland to Germany” c. “Marshall Plan Proposes Economic Aid Program for Europe” d. “Soviet Troops and Tanks Crush Hungarian Revolt”

SSWH19abc The student will demonstrate an understanding of the global social, economic, and political impact of the Cold War and decolonization from 1945 to 1989. Analyze the revolutionary movements in India (Gandhi, Nehru), China (Mao Zedong), and Ghana. Describe the formation of the state of Israel. Explain the arms race; include the development of the hydrogen bomb (1954) and SALT.

Analyze the revolutionary movements in India (Gandhi, Nehru), China (Mao Zedong), and Ghana.
India-first major country to gain independence after WWII, led by Mohandas Gandhi, non-violent resistance, protest of “salt-tax”, boycott British goods, India divided into India and Pakistan to prevent Muslim-Hindu violence. Ghana-led by Kwame Nkrumah, used Gandhi’s non-violent methods, Gold Coast won independence in 1957, changed name to Ghana.

Practice 1. Mohandas Gandhi used his philosophy of nonviolent non-cooperation in an effort to a. form a Marxist government in India. b. convince his fellow Indians to support the Allies in WWII. c. persuade Pakistanis to separate from India. d. achieve India’s independence from Great Britain. In 1947, the Indian subcontinent became independent and was divided into India and Pakistan. The division recognized the Hostility between religious groups. Strength of Fascism. Natural geographic boundaries. Existing tribal divisions.

Describe the formation of the state of Israel.
Zionism-movement calling for Jews around the world to emigrate to Palestine-increased after the Holocaust. The U.N. voted to create the country of Israel as a Jewish homeland. Arab nations refused to recognize the new state. Israel was attacked but victorious in 1956, 1967, and 1973 (added territory of Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula, West Bank, and Golan Heights).

Describe the formation of the state of Israel.
Camp David Accords-Egypt president (Anwar Sadat), Israeli prime minister (Menachim Begin), and US president (Jimmy Carter) agreed that Israel would return lands in exchange for peace. PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization) is formed. Vowed to win back their homeland. Used terrorism as political weapon.

Practice Which event changed the political landscape of the Middle East in 1948? The U.S. seizure of oil fields. The British takeover of Palestine. The creation of the state of Israel. The collapse of the Ottoman Empire.

Explain the arms race; include the development of the hydrogen bomb (1954) and SALT.
US was the only country to create and use the atomic bomb during WWII, Soviets soon developed their own. Cold War competition turned into a race to see who could build the most deadly weapons. Hydrogen bomb-1000x the power of atom bomb ICBM-could carry nuclear warheads across the world Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962-Russia had nuclear bombs in Cuba, US had them in Turkey. Both sides agreed to remove the weapons Very narrowly escaped nuclear war SALT-series of meetings in the 1970’s were both sides agreed to limit the nuclear stocks

Practice How did the effort to build a Hydrogen bomb in the 1950 affect U.S.-Soviet relations? It united scientists from both nations. It increased the nation’s fear of one another. It led both nations to join the same treaty alliance. It caused direct conflict between the nations.

SSWH20ac The student will examine change and continuity in the world since the 1960’s. Identify ethnic conflicts and new nationalisms; include pan-Africanism, pan-Arabism, and the conflicts in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Rwanda. Analyze terrorism as a form of warfare in the 20th century; include Shining Path, Red Brigade, Hamas, and Al Qaeda; and analyze the impact of terrorism on daily life; include travel, world energy supplies, and financial markets.

Croatia and Slovenia declared independence.
Identify ethnic conflicts and new nationalisms; include pan-Africanism, pan-Arabism, and the conflicts in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Rwanda. Yugoslavia-liberation of Eastern Europe led to revival of old ethnic rivalries. Croatia and Slovenia declared independence. Serbia responded by attacking Croatia. Fighting erupted between Bosnian Muslims and Serbs-ethnic cleansing. US and NATO stopped the civil war. Rwanda-ethnic tensions erupted between the Hutu and Tutsi in Rwanda and Burundi. As many as 500,000 Tutsi were massacred by the Hutu majority.

Practice 1. Which statement about the Balkan Peninsula since 1995 is most accurate? a. Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia are now both controlled by Yugoslavia. b. Ethnic tensions and conflict continue to be a problem in much of the region. c. Slobodan Milosevic of Serbia became the first democratically elected leader of the region. d. The Balkan Peninsula has become one of the most prosperous regions in Europe. The genocide in Rwanda and the atrocities in Yugoslavia demonstrate Inability of a command economy to satisfy the needs of people. Fact that most conflict are caused by economic interests. Isolation of these countries from international influences. Inability of some societies to resolve religious and ethnic differences.

Analyze terrorism as a form of warfare in the 20th century; include Shining Path, Red Brigade, Hamas, and Al Qaeda; and analyze the impact of terrorism on daily life; include travel, world energy supplies, and financial markets. Fundamentalists believe that people should adopt basic religious values and that religion should influence government policies. Terror usually refers to an attack on civilians that is not directed by a government. Examples: 2001 bombing of the World Trade Center in NYC-3,000 people lost their lives 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing-168 people died

Practice

SSWH21ab The student will analyze globalization in the contemporary world. Describe the cultural and intellectual integration of countries into the world economy through the development of television, satellites, and computers. Analyze the global economic and political connections; include multinational corporations, the United Nations, OPEC, and the World Trade Organization.

Pros of globalization:
Describe the cultural and intellectual integration of countries into the world economy through the development of television, satellites, and computers. Globalization- Major industries do trade in a world market Labor market is being “outsourced” to lower paid foreign workers Pros of globalization: More countries communicate with each other, the less likely they are to go to war. Cons of globalization: Countries will loose their distinct characteristics Industrial nations are controlling world resources and causing pollution

Practice Technological changes in developing countries have most often resulted in Migrations from rural to urban areas. Fewer education opportunities. A weakening of traditional values. a decreased use of natural resources. A valid statement about technology in the 20th century is that it has Eliminated famine and disease throughout the world. Delayed economic progress. Reduced the destructiveness of war. Accelerated the pace of cultural diffusion.

Analyze the global economic and political connections; include multinational corporations, the United Nations, OPEC, and the World Trade Organization.

Practice 1. Which group of countries earns much of their revenue from the sale of oil? a. China, Korea, Jordan b. Turkey, Brazil, Lebanon c. Argentina, Malaysia, Chile d. Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Venezuela

US HISTORY BEFORE 1865

Northwest Ordinance- 1787 One important thing from the Articles of Confederation Importance- sets guidelines on how future land the U. S. acquired would be included in the country. New land would be split up and made into new states- Ill., Ind., Mich., Ohio Set requirements to be a state- minimum population requirement and a vote had to be held on statehood civil liberties and education encouraged

Jacksonian Democracy (1828-1836)
Named for 7th President Andrew Jackson Universal White Male Suffrage- helped Jackson The Common Man loved Jackson Strong Presidential Leadership- Example-Trail of Tears Jackson ignores the Supreme Court and kicks Cherokee Indians off of land.

Andrew Jackson

THE ERIE CANAL

The Erie Canal was one of the earliest and most successful canal projects in the U.S. It stretched 363 miles across New York State from the Hudson River in the east to Lake Erie in the west. It was 12 times longer than any previously built canal. The Erie Canal connected the old Northwest to New York Harbor and the Atlantic Ocean.

Started in 1817, it turned a profit long before it was finished in It sparked a canal boom as others tried to copy its success linking eastern cities to the Great Lakes and western rivers.

Before the Erie Canal was built, it took 3 weeks to haul one ton of goods from New York City to Buffalo. The financial cost was $95 to $125 per ton. The canal reduced the time required for the journey to 8 days and the dollar cost to just $4 within ten years of completion.

There was an explosion of trade
There was an explosion of trade. In 1829, there were 3,640 bushels of wheat transported down the Canal from Buffalo. Within 15 years of the Canal's opening, New York was the busiest port in America, moving tonnages greater than Boston, Baltimore and New Orleans combined. The effect of the Erie Canal was immediate and dramatic and settlers poured west.

Interactive Example of Lock (watch closely)
This figure demonstrates how a typical locking system operates. The ship in this example approaches from the higher water elevation. The lock doors and filling valve are closed. The emptying valve is then opened and the water is forced out of the lock until it reaches its natural elevation. The lower lock doors are then opened, and the ship proceeds

The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 was important because it
Established the role of the federal government in internal improvements Strengthened the ties between the eastern manufacturing and western agricultural regions Made the invention of the steamboat economically viable Spurred innovation in the railroad industry

The Missouri Compromise of 1820
(1) Missouri was admitted as a slave state and Maine (formerly part of Massachusetts) would be a free state (2) except for Missouri, slavery was to be excluded from the Louisiana Purchase lands north of latitude 36°30. Basically this divides the nation in half by saying that slavery is allowed under the 36°30 line.

The Missouri Compromise

The Missouri Compromise was a victory for antislavery advocates because it
Provided for the gradual emancipation of slaves in Missouri Closed most of the Louisiana Purchase to slavery Excluded slavery from all territory north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River Prohibited slavery from future territorial acquisitions

The Monroe Doctrine was the declaration by President James Monroe, in December 1823, that the United States would not tolerate a European nation colonizing an independent nation in North or South America.

What events prompted the Monroe Doctrine?
Latin America was in a period of revolution and liberation. Chile, Venezuela, Mexico and Brazil had gained their freedom from Spain and Portugal. The United States recognized them as legitimate countries. America feared that other foreign countries like France and Britain may now want to control these countries in Latin America.

What were the major points of the Monroe Doctrine?
European nations were warned that they could not set up colonies or interfere in Latin American problems anymore. The United States would protect North and South America from any European influence. The United States would not involve itself in European affairs militarily or politically.

Monroe Doctrine Political Cartoon

The Monroe Doctrine was important to American history because it
Expressed America’s willingness to intervene in the internal conflicts of Europe Directly opposed further European colonization anywhere in the world Showed that the United States would protect the Americas as a sphere of influence Accepted Spanish and French expansion in the Americas in order to form an alliance

Dred Scott Decision - FACTS:
• Dred Scott was a slave from Missouri. (MO) Dred Scott

• Scott and his owner moved to Wisconsin for four years. Dred Scott

• Scott’s owner died after returning to Missouri. Dred Scott

* Scott sued for his freedom. He claimed that he should be a free man since he lived in a free territory (WI) for four years. Dred Scott

SUPREME COURT DECISIONS:
Q: Was Scott a U.S. citizen with the right to sue? A: NO Q: Did living in a free territory make Scott a free man? A: NO Q: Did Congress have the right to outlaw slavery in any territory? A: NO

Which is a reason why the Supreme Court’s Dred Scott decision increased tensions between slave and free states? Slave states could no longer import blacks for the purpose of slavery. Slave states could now enslave any free blacks passing through their territory. A slave who entered a free state would now be considered a free U. S. citizen. A slave’s status of enslavement would now be recognized within free states.

Emancipation Proclamation (1863)
Written by Abraham Lincoln Said slaves were free in rebelling states(Southern States only). Makes slavery the central issue of the Civil War. Intended to cause problems in the southern states and hurt their war effort.

Great Depression, New Deal, World War II
GHSGT US History post 1865 Great Depression, New Deal, World War II

GHSGT Part IV However, the GREAT DEPRESSION followed the stock market crash in 1929 as a result of economic speculation. FDR’S NEW DEAL replaced laissez-faire and used government agencies to provide relief, recovery, and reform. WORLD WAR II resulted from similar depressions in Europe and the rise of fascist dictators. The United States enters the war after the bombing at Pearl Harbor, fights on the side of the Allies. The Cold War was due to development of nuclear weapons by the two superpowers U.S. and Soviet Union. They never confronted each other in open warfare.

GHSGT The Great Depression

Describe the causes of the Great Depression (1929-1941)

Describe the Causes of the Great Depression (1929-1941)
Causes of the Depression include: Slowdown in agriculture easy credit Structural weaknesses in banking Conservative government reaction Over production Under consumption uneven wealth distribution Stock Market speculation and buying on margin results in Crash in October 29, 1929 left those in debt exposed

The stock market: the public invests in companies. by purchasing stocks; in return for this they expect a profit because of booming 1920's economy, money was plentiful, so banks were quick to make loans to investors also investors only had to pay for 10% of the stock's actual value at time of purchase this was known as BUYING ON MARGIN, and the balance was paid at a later date

this encouraged STOCK SPECULATION - people would buy and sell stocks quickly to make a quick buck
because of all this buying & selling, stock value increased (Ex: Coca-Cola stock $130  $396/share) this quick turnover didn't aid companies.  they needed long term investments so they could pay bills (stock value was like an illusion) unscrupulous traders would buy and sell shares intentionally to inflate a given company's stock value all of this gave a false sense of security/confidence in the American market

beginning in Oct. 1929, investors’ confidence dropped, leading to a
market collapse all tried to sell at once and bottom fell out of market = panic selling… (many bankruptcies as banks called in loans) only a tiny minority of people traded on the stock exchange, but they possessed vast wealth, and the crash had a ripple effect on the economy

mass consumption was already low (poor could afford to buy little)
For the poor mass consumption was already low (poor could afford to buy little) unemployment rose  no gov't assistance at first since people could not buy, productivity was cut back = further unemployment. so with additional unemployment  purchasing power declined again  reduced productivity yet again (= ECONOMIC CYCLE) Unemployment Purchasing Power Productivity

Question Which was an important cause of the Great Depression? A. speculation on the stock market B. shortages of consumer goods C. the collapse of the international gold standard D. higher oil and farm prices

Question/Answer Which was an important cause of the Great Depression?
A. speculation on the stock market B. shortages of consumer goods C. the collapse of the international gold standard D. higher oil and farm prices

Explain the consequences of widespread unemployment
Over 100,000 businesses failed Economic output down by 30% by 1933 Unemployment at 25% by 1933 Bank failures Low spending and the search for work Net farm income down by 70%

a 2nd major problem: uneven dist. of wealth
0.1% at top owned as much as bottom 42% of American families (42% below poverty line) of the 58% above the poverty line, most fell into the middle class category - they were not wealthy; they had jobs because of the industrialization & consumerism of the American market place this middle class depended on their salaries and when productivity declined they lost their jobs and because of low savings, they had to cut back on their purchases this decline in consumption among the middle class ruined the whole country

How did UNEMPLOYMENT happen?
In 1920's U.S. Economy was based on the productivity – purchasing power - employment cycle For many goods to be produced , purchasing demand had to be there: this resulted in high employment and a healthy economy Between , U.S. productive capacity doubled but it was because of technological innovation  electricity and mechanical advances made for better production, but no new jobs were added to the economy So more consumer goods were available, but there weren't necessarily. more people to buy them (OVERPRODUCTION)

Question A. Many businesses and corporations went bankrupt
In the 1920's, speculators in the stock market bought their stocks on margin. This meant that speculators could purchase stock for 3% of its value and borrow the rest from the broker. This system worked well as long as everyone was buying stock. However, on October 29, 1929, people sold their stocks. Stock values fell 15 billion dollars in one day. What was one direct effect of this stock market crash? A. Many businesses and corporations went bankrupt B. Crop failures began in agriculture C. The United States followed a policy of isolationism D. Prohibition was repealed

Question/Answer In the 1920's, speculators in the stock market bought their stocks on margin. This meant that speculators could purchase stock for 3% of its value and borrow the rest from the broker. This system worked well as long as everyone was buying stock. However, on October 29, 1929, people sold their stocks. Stock values fell 15 billion dollars in one day. What was one direct effect of this stock market crash? A. Many businesses and corporations went bankrupt B. Crop failures began in agriculture C. The United States followed a policy of isolationism D. Prohibition was repealed

GHSGT The New Deal

The New Deal Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) increased the role of the federal government’s management of the economy by providing: - relief - recovery - reform. The three Rs were provided through various programs such as…

Describe the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority

TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY (TVA) - used to promote hydroelectric power, control flooding - lower rates  private industry, manufacture fertilizer federal government took ownership (nationalization v. privatization)

This was established in 1933 to build dams and power plants along the Tennessee River and its tributaries. The Tennessee Valley itself runs through seven states, so the project was very large. The TVA built dozens of dams to control the environment by preventing disastrous floods. Each dam had its own hydropower plants, parks, and navigation aids. This construction created hundreds of jobs for unemployed workers.

Describe the Wagner Act

NEW DEAL - SOCIAL REFORM ASPECT- after 1935, with immediate economic relief and reform addressed, New Deal turned to Social Welfare - more legislation... The Second New Deal refers to the programs President Roosevelt instituted after his original New Deal failed to completely fix the American economy. …one of those was the National Labor Relations Act (aka Wagner Act) - it legitimized unions and labor tactics such as collective bargaining & collective action (strikes, etc.) - it outlawed BLACKLISTS & other anti-union activities.

This law established collective bargaining rights for workers and prohibited such unfair labor practices as intimidating workers, attempting to keep workers from organizing unions, and firing union members. The law also set up a government agency where workers could testify about unfair labor practices and hold elections to decide whether or not to unionize. After passage of the Wagner Act, industrial workers began to unionize.

The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was hesitant to organize industrial unionism, because it was committed to craft-based workers such as carpenters and railroad engineers. As a consequence, the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) was created to represent industrial workers who felt they were not being represented by the AFL. The AFL and CIO clashed on and off before merging in 1955 to become the AFL-CIO that exists today.

Explain the passage of the Social Security Act

Social Security Act (1935)- feared by opponents as "socialism"- this act typifies the WELFARE STATE - unemployment insurance, old age pensions Problem: it took some $ out of circulation (payroll deductions) at a time when purchasing power was already low- also, it only covered the unemployed

One of the most important actions of the Second New Deal was the Social Security Act, which was passed in This law consisted of three components: Old-age insurance for retirees aged 65 or older and their spouses, paid half by the employee and half by the employer Unemployment compensation paid by a federal tax on employers and administered by the states Aid for the disabled and for families with dependent children paid by the federal government and administered by the states

Question Passed in 1935, the Social Security Act (SSA) was legislation that provided income and medical care for the elderly. The act also compensated unemployed workers. The money was primarily derived from the paychecks of all employees and employers. What was important about the passing of the Social Security Act (SSA)? A. The SSA was created to provide healthcare for all working Americans B. The SSA assured that no one in the United States would have to live in poverty c. The SSA produced millions of new jobs in the United States economy D. The SSA gave government the responsibility of providing for the elderly

Question/Answer Passed in 1935, the Social Security Act (SSA) was legislation that provided income and medical care for the elderly. The act also compensated unemployed workers. The money was primarily derived from the paychecks of all employees and employers. What was important about the passing of the Social Security Act (SSA)? A. The SSA was created to provide healthcare for all working Americans B. The SSA assured that no one in the United States would have to live in poverty c. The SSA produced millions of new jobs in the United States economy D. The SSA gave government there responsibility of providing for the elderly

GHSGT World War II

World War II The Axis Powers consisted of Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Militant Japan. Germany conquered former territories in Europe lost at the end of the WWI. Italy conquered Ethiopia. Japan conquered Manchuria, Eastern China, and other Pacific islands.

Explain the U.S. entry and domestic impact of World War II
The events that led to the United States entry into World War II Germany invaded Poland (September 1, 1939) initiating the Second World War. The United States remained neutral throughout the first two years of the war. On December 7, 1941, the United States entered WWII following a surprise attack by Japan at Pearl Harbor.

“…This day will live in infamy…” On the morning of December 7, 1941, the navy of the Empire of Japan launched a surprise attack on the U.S. Navy base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. 2,403 dead, 1,178 more were wounded Sank 19 ships, 300 aircrafts Similar attacks on U.S. positions in the Philippines and Guam U.S declares war on Japan

Interment Camps Japanese, Italian and German camps were located in the US. Japanese was the largest of all of these.

Interment Camps One effect of America’s entry into the war was alarm about the loyalty of Japanese Americans: 120,000 Japanese Americans lived in the United States, most of them on the West Coast. Fears of spies and sabotage led to prejudice and sometimes violence against Japanese Americans. In the name of national security, Roosevelt ordered Executive Order on February, All people of Japanese ancestry be moved from West Coast California and parts of Washington, Oregon, and Arizona to rural internment (prison) camps.

Japanese Internment Camps
John DeWitt: “The Japanese race is an enemy race. . .” In the name of national security, Although most of the people imprisoned in these internment camps were Japanese Americans, there were also small numbers of German Americans and Italian Americans imprisoned under the same law, as well as hundreds of Native Americans from Alaska.

The War Effort at Home The Draft Wartime Production The Labor Force Paying for the War

In response to Germany’s invasion of Poland. FDR persuades Congress in special session to allow the US to aid European democracies in a limited way: The US could sell weapons to the European democracies on a “cash-and-carry” basis. FDR was authorized to proclaim danger zones which US ships and citizens could not enter. Results of the 1939 Neutrality Act: Aggressors could not send ships to buy US munitions. The US economy improved as European demands for war goods helped bring the country out of the recession. America becomes the “Arsenal of Democracy.”

Home Front Mobilization
After Pearl Harbor, 5 million men volunteered for military service, but more were needed to fight the war. The Selective Service System expanded the draft, and 10 million more men joined the ranks of the American armed forces. So great was the need of the military, a Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps was formed to fill noncombat positions otherwise filled by men, freeing up the men for frontline duty. The Draft Wartime Production The Labor Force Paying for the War

The men needed tanks, planes, ships, guns, bullets, and boots. To equip the troops, the entire American industry was dedicated to supplying the military. More than 6 million workers in the plants, factories, and shipyards were women. With the men who once did these jobs now fighting overseas, women filled the void. Women volunteered for this work even though they were paid on average only 60% as much as men doing the same jobs. It was the hard work of people and the industrial might of the United States that helped America win World War II. The Draft Wartime Production The Labor Force Paying for the War

Home Front Mobilization Labor Force
War Production Board and other federal agencies Scrap drives, Victory Gardens, and other austerity measures Centrality of women to wartime production – Rosie the Riveter 16 million men and women serve 1 million + African Americans in segregated units Women enjoyed expanded military role as WACs, WAVES FDR signs Executive Order 8022 banned discrimination in industry related to the defense of the US.

As time went on, the war industry needed more raw materials. One way Americans helped the war effort was through wartime conservation. Workers would carpool to work or ride bicycles to save gasoline and rubber. People participated in nationwide drives to collect scrap iron, tin cans, newspaper, rags, and even cooking grease to recycle and use in war production. Another way Americans conserved on the home front was through the mandatory government rationing system. Under this system, each household received a “c book” with coupons that were used to buy scarce items such as meat, sugar, and coffee. Gas rationing was also used to help save gasoline for military use.

The Draft Wartime Production The Labor Force Paying for the War The war cost $350 billion – ten times the cost of World War I. Americans bought war bonds to finance he war. The United States changed from a creditor to a debtor nation.

Describe the development of the atomic bomb and its implications
Albert Einstein persuaded FDR to develop an atomic bomb before the Nazis did. Scientists sent to Los Alamos, New Mexico and other locations and developed and exploded the A-bomb in 1945.

homeland, and both sides could possibly lose millions of people in the process. President Truman decided there was only one way to avoid an invasion of Japan and use a brand-new weapon that no one had ever seen before: the atomic bomb. Allied leaders planning the war against Japan knew that once they defeated the Japanese navy in the Pacific Ocean they would still have to invade Japan itself to end the war. They knew Japan still had a huge army that would defend every inch of the

The American government had developed two atomic bombs in a secret laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico. The bombs were dropped on Japan in early August On September 2, 1945, the Japanese surrendered, and World War II was finally over. The project’s code name was “The Manhattan Project.”

The implications of developing and using atomic bombs in World War II were enormous. From a military standpoint, it was clear that not only did the United States have a powerful weapon that no other country had, but the American government was not afraid to use it. The Soviet Union quickly began developing an atomic bomb of its own, an act that helped begin the Cold War. Also, nuclear power would soon be used to power aircraft carriers and submarines. Scientifically and economically, the atomic bomb led to nuclear power for civilian use, such as generating electricity for homes and businesses. Nuclear power is also used in technologies such as positron emission tomography (PET) scans, which are used by physicians to study the workings of the human body, including brain functions.

Germany was defeated , FDR died and Harry Truman is President and he feared the invasion of Japan would lead to many more lost lives. So, he used the A-bomb over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 100,000 people died and the Japanese surrendered.

Question The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki resulted in A. the outbreak of World War II B. U.S. entry into the war against Japan C. The surrender of Japan A decrease in the spread of Communism

Question and Answer The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki resulted in
A. the outbreak of World War II B. U.S. entry into the war against Japan C. The surrender of Japan A decrease in the spread of Communism

Question What was the purpose of Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941? A. to pressure the United States to join the Axis powers B. to prepare for an immediate full invasion of the United States C. to stop the United States from sending more troops to fight in Europe D. to limit the ability of the United States to resist a Japanese attack on Southeast Asia

Question/Answer What was the purpose of Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941? A. to pressure the United States to join the Axis powers B. to prepare for an immediate full invasion of the United States C. to stop the United States from sending more troops to fight in Europe D. to limit the ability of the United States to resist a Japanese attack on Southeast Asia

Post World War II and the Cold War
GHSGT Post World War II and the Cold War

Describe U.S. Policies after World War II
United States foreign policy…Isolationism until World War II Under the leadership of presidents Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover, the United States remained neutral in the 1920s and 1930s Despite the rise of dictators, the United States remained neutral until 1941

Cold War begins The Policy of Containment Marshall Plan Division of Germany and Berlin Airfift,1948 When the Soviet Union refused to allow elections in Poland, the United States refused to share the secrets behind the atomic bomb . The SU army continued to occupy Eastern Europe and spread communism.

Cold War begins The Policy of Containment Marshall Plan Division of Germany and Berlin Airfift,1948 US leaders responded to the domination of Eastern Europe by developing a policy of containment. Under this policy, the US would not attempt to overturn communism where it already existed, but prevent it from spreading to new areas.

Truman believed people were accepting communism because they were desperate. Secretary of State George Marshall proposed that massive aid be given to the countries of war torn Europe to rebuild their economies. It speed the economic recovery of Western Europe. Cold War begins The Policy of Containment Marshall Plan Division of Germany and Berlin Airfift,1948

1948 the French, British and American merged zones into a single West German state. The old capital (also divide into four zones) was in the Soviet zone. The Soviet reacted by closing all links to West Berlin. In order to feed and get medical supplies etc. General Clay began an airlift. The Soviets gave up and lifted the blockade. Cold War begins The Policy of Containment Marshall Plan Division of Germany and Berlin Airfift,1948

Question A key factor in bringing about the Cold War was
a. Trade competition between the United States and Europe. b. Differences in ideology between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. c. The rejection of Soviet membership in the United Nations. d. The forced relocation of Japanese-Americans in detention camps.

Question/Answer A key factor in bringing about the Cold War was
a. Trade competition between the United States and Europe. b. Differences in ideology between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. c. The rejection of Soviet membership in the United Nations. d. The forced relocation of Japanese-Americans in detention camps.

Explain the impact of the communists regime in China and the Korean War

As American leaders believe it had kept the spread of communism not only in Europe but also the rest of the world. China, turned to Communism. President Truman denied diplomatic recognition to Communism China, used veto power to prevent admission of China to UN, pledged to protect Taiwan from Communist attack.

The onset and outcome of the Korean War When WWII ended, the former Allied Powers of the United States and Soviet Union each controlled a portion of the Korean Peninsula. President Harry S. Truman ordered United States troops into Korea China entered the war and created a stalemate. North Korea remains Communist and South Korea remains a free market democracy.

In 1950, the United States and the democratic government of South Korea went to war against the communist government of North Korea. North Korea was being aided by the new Chinese communist government that had recently won the Chinese Civil War. Combat began when communist troops invaded South Korea. Concerned over the spread of communism beyond the Soviet Union and China, the United States sent its troops to force the communists back to North Korea.

The U.S. decision to enter the conflict was part of its larger strategy of geographically containing communism in order to isolate and eventually defeat it. Driving North Korean forces across the border, U.S. troops then followed the enemy into North Korea in an effort to entirely eliminate communism from the Korean peninsula. However, when the Americans reached the border between North Korea and China, the Chinese attacked, forcing the Americans back to South Korea.

Describe the significance of the launch of Sputnik I

Describe the significance of the launch of Sputnik I
In 1957, the Soviet union launched Sputnik, the first man-made satellite, into space. Start of the Space Race with military significance With space missiles SU could send nuclear weapons to the United States US launched its first in1957.

Question A key factor in bringing about the Cold War was
A. Trade competition between the United States and Europe. B. Differences in ideology between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. C. The rejection of Soviet membership in the United Nations. D. The forced relocation of Japanese-Americans in detention camps.

Question/Answer A key factor in bringing about the Cold War was
A. Trade competition between the United States and Europe. B. Differences in ideology between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. C. The rejection of Soviet membership in the United Nations. D. The forced relocation of Japanese-Americans in detention camps.

Question The belief that Eastern Europe was already lost to communism and that the US should focus on preventing the spread of communism to other regions of the World was known Preventive behavior Containment policy Cold warfare The space race

Question/Answer The belief that Eastern Europe was already lost to communism and that the US should focus on preventing the spread of communism to other regions of the World was known Preventive behavior Containment policy Cold warfare The space race

Question Which of the following issues led to the development of a Cold War policy between the United States and the Soviet Union? A. Laser technology B. Neutral zones C. Nuclear weapons D. peacekeeping

Question/Answer Which of the following issues led to the development of a Cold War policy between the United States and the Soviet Union? A. Laser technology B. Neutral zones C. Nuclear weapons D. peacekeeping

Question The launch of Sputnik
thrilled people in the US because it finally out a satellite in space Boosted NASA’s morale because it meant that the US had answered President Kennedy’s challenge Concerned US leaders who feared falling behind the Soviets in nuclear technology Concerned the Soviets because it revealed that the US had been spying on them

Brown v. Board of Education
When? 1954 Why? According to Brown, Racial Segregation in Schools was not Equal Challenging Plessy v. Ferguson Decision Warren Court Ruled in favor of Brown and Called for an end to State Sponsored Segregation. Impact Ruling called for an end to Jim Crow Stating that Plessy v. Ferguson was unconstitutional.

Speeches and Writings by: Martin Luther King
Letter from the Birmingham Jail After being arrested for his part in a Civil Protest in King wrote to his follower from his Jail Cell He asserted that not only was civil disobedience justified in the face of unjust laws, but that "one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. “I have a Dream Speech” The speech, from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, was a defining moment of the American Civil Rights Movement. It is a seventeen-minute public speech by Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered on August 28, 1963, in which he called for racial equality and an end to discrimination.

Civil Rights Act of 1964 a landmark piece of legislation in the United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against blacks and women, including racial segregation. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public ("public accommodations").

Voting Rights Act of 1965 a landmark piece of national legislation in the United States that outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the U.S.[2] prohibits states from imposing any "voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure ... to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color.

Comparing the SNCC to the SCLC
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) It emerged from a series of student meetings led by Ella Baker SNCC played a major role in the sit-ins and freedom rides Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) SCLC was closely associated with its first president, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. SCLC's belief that churches should be involved in political activism against social ills was also deeply controversial SCLC and Dr. King were also sometimes criticized for lack of militancy by younger activists in groups such as Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

NOW The National Organization for Women (NOW) is the largest feminist organization in the United States The founders included Betty Friedan, the author of The Feminine Mystique (1963), ISSUES: Equal Opportunity of Employment, Legal and Political Rights, Education, Women in Poverty, The Family, Image of Women, and Women and Religion.

Modern Environmentalist Movement
a broad philosophy and social movement regarding concerns for environmental conservation and improvement of the state of the environment. the mid-1970s, many felt that people were on the edge of environmental catastrophe. The Back-to-the-land movement started to form and ideas of environmental ethics joined with anti-Vietnam War sentiments and other political issues. These individuals lived outside normal society and started to take on some of the more radical environmental theories such as deep ecology Environmentalism and environmental concerns are often represented by the color green.[1]

Questions How did Brown v. Board of Education, serve as a cornerstone for future Civil Rights Movements?

Answer By overturning Plessy v. Ferguson, and making state sponsored segregation illegal

Question What did Martin Luther King’s, “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” advocate?

Answer Civil Disobidiance

Question What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlaw?

Answer Discrimination against blacks in schools and the workplace. As well at public facilities

Question Who’s rights did NOW fight for?

Answer Women

Government

John Locke Wrote in his 2nd Treatise on Government that every man is entitled to the “essential rights” of… LIFE, LIBERTY & PROPERTY. And if the governments fail to protect these rights, the people have a right to change the government.

Charles de Montesquieu
Argued in The Spirit of Laws that governmental power must be divided… Because he thought that if too much power were held in one place… Freedom would be impossible to maintain. This concept is called “SEPARATION of POWERS”.

The Declaration of Independence
Written by Thomas Jefferson; approved on July 4, 1776. Argues that government can only exist with the CONSENT of the governed… And identified the ESSENTIAL rights as being: The right to life… The right to liberty… The right to pursue happiness.

The Articles of Confederation
Was the original governing document of the United States… Provided for no ARMY, no PRESIDENT, no common CURRENCY and no congressional powers of TAXATION. Shays’ Rebellion convinced many people that the articles were too weak, leading to the… Constitutional Convention.

The New Jersey Plan Called for EQUAL representation for all states…
Large states felt this was UNFAIR.

The Virginia Plan Called for PROPORTIONAL representation for all states… Small states felt this was unfair.

The Great Compromise Established a SENATE, with EQUAL representation for all states… Established a HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES… With PROPORTIONAL representation for all states.

The 3/5 Compromise The SOUTHERN states insisted that when calculating population, slaves be counted… The NORTHERN states disagreed. Finally, the 3/5 compromise was struck… Which said that every five slaves will be counted as three people… For the purposes of determining Southern seats in the House of Representatives.

The Bill of Rights To gain support for the Constitution, the Federalists offered several amendments… The first ten amendments are called the Bill of Rights. They are designed to protect the rights of individual citizens. The US Bill of Rights is unusual because it is not a list of rights that the people have (which the founders believed were NATURAL RIGHTS, from GOD, and not something that governments have the power to grant)… Rather they are a list of things that the government is NOT ALLOWED to do.

The First Amendment Speech Press Religion Assembly Petition
Forbids the government from restricting the freedoms of… Speech Press Religion Assembly Petition

The Fifth Amendment Requires a grand jury for capital crimes
Forbids double jeopardy Requires due process and… Forbids forced self-witness— “Pleading the Fifth”. Forbids government confiscation of private property without just compensation

The Thirteenth Amendment
Abolished slavery, except as a punishment for a crime.

The Fourteenth Amendment
The States must provide equal protection under the law to all persons, regardless of race.

The Fifteenth Amendment
…The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude…

The U.S. Constitution To Insure Domestic Tranquility
To Provide for the Common Defense To Secure the Blessings of Liberty To Establish Justice To Promote the General Welfare To Form a More Perfect Union

Constitutional Principles: Popular Sovereignty
Popular sovereignty means “rule by the people”… The US government is based upon the CONSENT of the governed… All authority from government comes from the PEOPLE—the people GRANT it, and the people can take it AWAY.

Constitutional Principles: Separation of Powers
The SENATE and the HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES are part of the LEGISLATIVE BRANCH… Also called the CONGRESS… Which MAKES laws.

Separation of Powers The JUDICIAL BRANCH…
Whose highest level is called the SUPREME COURT… Is responsible for INTERPRETING the LAWS.

Separation of Powers The EXECUTIVE BRANCH…
Which is controlled by the PRESIDENT… Is responsible for ENFORCING the laws.

The Three Branches

Constitutional Principles: Checks and Balances
Each branch of government exercises CONTROL over the others. The Legislative branch passes the laws, but the president can reject—VETO—any law Congress passes. Congress can override the veto by a 2/3 vote in both houses. The Judicial branch restrains Congress and the President with its power to declare legislative or executive acts UNCONSTITUTIONAL. Unconstitutional laws are struck down. The president controls the Judicial branch by appointing judges… But the appointments must be APPROVED by the Senate.

Constitutional Principles: Judicial Review
Is the power of the court to declare laws null and void if they violate the Constitution. All Federal courts have this power… But the final authority rests with the Supreme Court. A Supreme Court decision can only be reversed if: The court changes its mind, or… The Constitution itself is changed (amended). John Marshall

Marbury v. Madison,1803 Constitutional Question: Can Marbury sue Madison under an unconstitutional law? Decision: Any law that conflicts with the Constitution is null and void. Precedent: Established Judicial Review—the power of the Supreme Court to determine whether or not laws are CONSTITUTIONAL.

Constitutional Principles: National Supremacy
If a Federal law and a State law contradict each other… The Federal law wins. For example, many states have passed “medical marijuana” laws… But since marijuana is NATIONALLY prohibited… Those laws are technically invalid.

Constitutional Principles: Federalism
The Constitution created a FEDERAL system of government… Under such a system, national and state governments SHARE power. The founders established such a system because they were fearful of giving all the power to a central government… Which is too similar to a monarchy. Federalism allows the national government to act for the country as a whole and for the states to oversee local matters.

If the Supreme Court decides to declare "Obamacare" unconstitutional, it will be an example of the court exercising the power of... iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) popular sovereignty. B.) judicial review. C.) limited government. D.) federalism. E.)

While the US government coins money, the states regulate education
While the US government coins money, the states regulate education. This is an example of... iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) limited government. B.) popular sovereignty. C.) federalism. D.) separation of powers. E.)

If the state of Georgia voted to prevent African Americans from attending school, such an action would be prevented by the federal government by virtue of the concept of... iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) limited government. B.) national supremacy. C.) federalism. D.) popular sovereignty. E.)

Types of Power: Enumerated (or Delegated) Powers
Enumerated powers are those that are specifically granted to the Federal Government in the Constitution. They include… The power to collect taxes… To coin money… To declare war… To raise an army and navy… And to regulate trade among the states.

Implied Powers Implied powers are powers the government is allowed to exercise… Because they are necessary in order to carry out the enumerated powers. For example, the Constitution says nothing about allowing a military draft… But because this can be necessary to maintain and army and navy and to make war… The government is allowed to institute a draft.

Reserved Powers The Constitution makes clear that any power not SPECIFICALLY granted to the federal government… Is RESERVED for the states. Some reserved powers include: Controlling intrastate commerce… Regulating the public school system… Supervising elections… Establishing driving laws.

Concurrent Powers Concurrent powers are powers held by BOTH the state and the federal government. Some of these include… Taxing & spending… Borrowing money… Establishing a criminal code (although state laws CANNOT contradict federal laws)… Enforcing laws.

Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 Constitutional Question: Can the state prohibit the use of public facilities by African Americans? Decision: Separation of the races is legal as long as the facilities for both races are of equal quality. Precedent: Separate but Equal is constitutional. Segregation statutes, especially in the south, greatly increase in number.

Brown v. Board of Education, 1854
Constitutional Question: Does the segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race deprive them equal protection of the law, as guaranteed by the 14th Amendment? Decision: Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson Precedent: Established the principle that separate is not equal.

Question #1 The basic purpose of our constitutional system of checks and balances is to A. Protect the rights of states B. Prevent one branch of the government from becoming too powerful C. Enable the federal government to run as efficiently as possible D. Provide a written guarantee of the rights of each citizen

Answer #1 B. Prevent one branch of the government from becoming too powerful

Question #2 The U.S. government is considered a federal system because
National laws must be passed by both houses of Congress Powers are divided between its national and state governments The states are guaranteed a republican form of government The President is selected by the electoral college.

Answer #2 B. Powers are divided between its national and state governments

Bill of Rights #3 Which of the following is not protected by the Bill of Rights? A. Speech B. Quartering of troops C. Freedom to immigrate D. Cruel and unusual punishment

Answer! C. Freedom to immigrate

Judicial Review #4 What Supreme Court case established the power of judicial review? A. Brown vs. Board of Education B. Plessy vs. Ferguson C. Marbury vs. Madison D. McCullouch vs. Maryland

Answer C. Marbury vs. Madison

Checks and Balances #5 Which of the following is not an example of the ability of Congress to check the President? A. Senate must approve a treaty B. Congress approves the budget C. Congress can override a veto D. Congress declares bills unconstitutional

Answer D. Congress declares bills unconstitutional

Electoral College #6 How do you determine how many Electoral Votes each state can cast? A. Total number of Senators B. Supreme Court does this C. Sum of number of representatives and senators that a state has. D. Population

Answer C. Sum of number of representatives and senators that a state has.

Terms of Office #7 Which of the following is the correct match between the position and the term of office? A. President – 2 years B. Senator – 6 years C. House of Representatives - 4 years D. Supreme Court – 10 years

Answer B. Senator – 6 years

Due Process #8 The concept of “due process” refers to
A. How states tax individuals B. Segregation laws C. Procedures to insure a fair trial D. The right to life liberty and property

Answer C. Procedures to insure a fair trial

Natural Rights #9 From whom did the authors of the Declaration of Independence get their idea of “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”? A. George Washington B. John Locke C. Plato D. Abraham Lincoln

Answer B. John Locke

Articles of Confederation #10
Which of the following was a key weakness of the Articles of Confederation? A. A strong president B. An effective executive and judiciary C. Too much power at the state level D. No legislative branch

Answer C. Too much power at the state level

Federalism #11 Which of the following powers is primarily exercised by states in our Federal system of government? A. Defense B. Granting titles and nobility C. Education D. Coining money

Answer C. Education

Constitutional Amendments #12
Which of the following is the correct method for changing the Constitution? A. Congress proposes and states ratify B. The people vote C. The President approves and states ratify D. None of the above

Answer Congress proposes and states ratify

Impeachment #13 Which body of government holds the impeachment trial of the President? A. House of Representatives B. Supreme Court C. Electoral College D. Senate

Answer D. Senate

GHSGT in Social Studies

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