1. Matthew Cockerill Technical Director, BioMed Central BioMed Central, Open Access Publishing, and Digital Archiving

2. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit Summary of talk What is Open Access publishing and why is it necessary? What is Open Access publishing and why is it necessary? The growth of BioMed Central as an Open Access publisher The growth of BioMed Central as an Open Access publisher The benefits of Open Access for Digital Archiving The benefits of Open Access for Digital Archiving

3. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit Summary of talk What is Open Access Publishing and why is it necessary? What is Open Access Publishing and why is it necessary? The growth of BioMed Central as an Open Access publisher The growth of BioMed Central as an Open Access publisher The benefits of Open Access for Digital Archiving The benefits of Open Access for Digital Archiving

4. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit The current model of publishing scientific research Scientists carry out research Scientists carry out research They write up their results They write up their results They submit them to a journal They submit them to a journal Other scientists act as peer reviewers and editorial advisers Other scientists act as peer reviewers and editorial advisers Finally, the publisher sells access to that research back to the scientific community Finally, the publisher sells access to that research back to the scientific community

5. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit Whats wrong with this status quo? Restricted redistribution of scientific research is contrary to the interests of Restricted redistribution of scientific research is contrary to the interests of –the scientists who do the research –the funders who pay for it –society as a whole It is an historical artefact of the economics of print publishing It is an historical artefact of the economics of print publishing

6. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit BioMed Central – the first Open Access publisher Part of Current Science Group Part of Current Science Group Published first article in mid-2000 Published first article in mid-2000 Strict policy of immediate open access to all research articles Strict policy of immediate open access to all research articles

7. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit Scientific benefits of Open Access Quicker, more direct access to research results Quicker, more direct access to research results Research is equally accessible to all scientists, not just those at the richest institutions Research is equally accessible to all scientists, not just those at the richest institutions Even for the fortunate few, Open Access gets rid of the frustration with passwords, logins and subscriptions Even for the fortunate few, Open Access gets rid of the frustration with passwords, logins and subscriptions Ability to manipulate, analyze, and mine the literature for knowledge Ability to manipulate, analyze, and mine the literature for knowledge

8. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit Economic benefits of Open Access Cost per article access for Elsevier journals estimated at approx US $11 (Washington State University estimate) Cost per article access for Elsevier journals estimated at approx US $11 (Washington State University estimate) A typical BioMed Central open-access research article receives 2000+ full text accesses in the 2 years following publication, and a similar number of accesses again via PubMed Central. A typical BioMed Central open-access research article receives 2000+ full text accesses in the 2 years following publication, and a similar number of accesses again via PubMed Central. Cost to the scientific community = $500. So cost per access: $500/(2000*2) = $0.125 Cost to the scientific community = $500. So cost per access: $500/(2000*2) = $0.125 Cost-per access reduced almost 100-fold! Cost-per access reduced almost 100-fold!

9. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit Momentum for Open Access PubMed Central PubMed Central Public Library of Science Public Library of Science Open Access declarations: Budapest/Bethesda/Berlin Open Access declarations: Budapest/Bethesda/Berlin Software open-source movement Software open-source movement Mass cancellation of titles from traditional publishers Mass cancellation of titles from traditional publishers

10. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit BioMed Centrals business model for open access publishing Keep costs down via Keep costs down via –Online submission and peer review –Automated tools to streamline article processing, conversion and layout Processing charge (currently $500) for accepted articles Processing charge (currently $500) for accepted articles No processing charge for authors at member institutions No processing charge for authors at member institutions

11. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit Institutional membership CalTech CalTech Cancer Research UK Cancer Research UK Columbia University Columbia University Cornell University Cornell University University of California University of California Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard University Harvard University INSERM INSERM Imperial College Imperial College Institut Pasteur Institut Pasteur John Innes Centre John Innes Centre Johns Hopkins University Johns Hopkins University Kyoto University Kyoto University Max Planck Institutes Max Planck Institutes Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center More than 350 major institutions are members of BioMed Central, including, to name just a few: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology National Institutes of Health National Institutes of Health National Institute for Medical Research National Institute for Medical Research NHS England NHS England Princeton University Princeton University Rockefeller University Rockefeller University TIGR TIGR TSRI TSRI Tufts University Tufts University Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute University of Wisconsin University of Wisconsin World Health Organization World Health Organization Yale University Yale University

12. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit Summary of talk What is Open Access publishing and why is it necessary? What is Open Access publishing and why is it necessary? The growth of BioMed Central as an Open Access publisher The growth of BioMed Central as an Open Access publisher The benefits of Open Access for Digital Archiving The benefits of Open Access for Digital Archiving

13. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit 3 categories of journals published by BioMed Central BMC series of online journals BMC series of online journals –Policy to accept all sound research, and to editorially highlight the best Scientist-run online journals Scientist-run online journals –Editorial board determines acceptance policy Print/online journals Print/online journals –Highly selective

14. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit BMC series of online journals BMC Biochemistry BMC Biochemistry BMC Bioinformatics BMC Bioinformatics BMC Biotechnology BMC Biotechnology BMC Cell Biology BMC Cell Biology BMC Chemical Biology BMC Chemical Biology BMC Developmental Biology BMC Developmental Biology BMC Ecology BMC Ecology BMC Evolutionary Biology BMC Evolutionary Biology BMC Genetics BMC Genetics BMC Genomics BMC Genomics BMC Immunology BMC Immunology BMC Microbiology BMC Microbiology BMC Molecular Biology BMC Molecular Biology BMC Neuroscience BMC Neuroscience BMC Pharmacology BMC Pharmacology BMC Physiology BMC Physiology BMC Plant Biology BMC Plant Biology BMC Structural Biology BMC Structural Biology BMC Anesthesiology BMC Blood Disorders BMC Cancer BMC Cardiovascular Disorders BMC Clinical Pathology BMC Clinical Pharmacology BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine BMC Dermatology BMC Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders BMC Emergency Medicine BMC Endocrine Disorders BMC Family Practice BMC Gastroenterology BMC Geriatrics BMC Health Services Research BMC Infectious Diseases BMC International Health and Human Rights BMC Medical Education BMC Medical Ethics BMC Medical Genetics BMC Medical Imaging BMC Medical Imaging BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making BMC Medical Research Methodology BMC Medical Research Methodology BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders BMC Nephrology BMC Nephrology BMC Neurology BMC Neurology BMC Nuclear Medicine BMC Nuclear Medicine BMC Nursing BMC Nursing BMC Ophthalmology BMC Ophthalmology BMC Oral Health BMC Oral Health BMC Palliative Care BMC Palliative Care BMC Pediatrics BMC Pediatrics BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth BMC Psychiatry BMC Psychiatry BMC Public Health BMC Public Health BMC Pulmonary Medicine BMC Pulmonary Medicine BMC Surgery BMC Surgery BMC Urology BMC Urology BMC Women's Health BMC Women's Health

15. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit BMC Cancer

16. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit Two new BMC-series journals Will publish research of broad interest Will publish research of broad interest

17. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit Scientist-run online journals 45 such journals started so far, including:

18. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit Malaria Journal

19. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit Genome BiologyJournal of Biology La crème de la crème

20. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit La crème de la crème

21. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit Growth of BioMed Central

22. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit Facts and figures 3700 Open Access research articles published 3700 Open Access research articles published –2144 in BMC online journal series –1158 in scientist-run online journals –650 in print/online journals Full text article accesses to date Full text article accesses to date –7,000,000+ (excluding mirrors)

23. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit Open access leads to high visibility Indexing/Linking PubMed PubMed MEDLINE MEDLINE ISI ISI BIOSIS BIOSIS CAS CAS CrossRef CrossRef Scirus Scirus Open Archive Initiative Open Archive Initiative Citebase Citebase Google GoogleArchiving PubMed Central PubMed Central INIST INIST LOCKSS LOCKSS Max Planck Max Planck OhioLINK OhioLINK

24. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit Open Access and citation impact

25. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit Summary of talk What is Open Access publishing and why is it necessary? What is Open Access publishing and why is it necessary? The growth of BioMed Central as an Open Access publisher The growth of BioMed Central as an Open Access publisher The benefits of Open Access for Digital Archiving The benefits of Open Access for Digital Archiving

26. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit OAI interface BioMed Central has operated an OAI interface (Open Archives Initiative Metadata Harvesting Protocol) since June 2001 BioMed Central has operated an OAI interface (Open Archives Initiative Metadata Harvesting Protocol) since June 2001 The following metadata formats are offered for all articles: The following metadata formats are offered for all articles: –oai_dc(standard Dublin Core XML) –bmc_bibl(BioMed Centrals own XML) –bmc_references (article reference list XML) In addition, for Open Access articles, full text XML is available: In addition, for Open Access articles, full text XML is available: –bmc_article More info: http://www.biomedcentral.com/info/libraries/oai/ More info: http://www.biomedcentral.com/info/libraries/oai/http://www.biomedcentral.com/info/libraries/oai/

27. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit Data feeds to mirror sites and other archives Automated nightly feed goes to: PubMed Central PubMed Central OhioLINK OhioLINK INIST/CNRS INIST/CNRS Max Planck (Universität Potsdam) Max Planck (Universität Potsdam) [your name here…] [your name here…]

28. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit Data mining Entire corpus of full text XML downloadable by ftp as a single zip file Entire corpus of full text XML downloadable by ftp as a single zip file Various groups working with the data Various groups working with the data –Pre-BIND (automatic extraction of protein binding information from full text) –BioLINK text mining competition Standard NLM archiving/interchange DTD will help data miners Standard NLM archiving/interchange DTD will help data miners http://www.biomedcentral.com/info/about/datamining

29. November 23rd 2003DASER Summit Conclusions Open Access publishing is rapidly gaining momentum Open Access publishing is rapidly gaining momentum It can make life much simpler for digital archives It can make life much simpler for digital archives It facilitates the smooth flow of scientific research information It facilitates the smooth flow of scientific research information It encourages the development of innovative tools for mining and navigating that information It encourages the development of innovative tools for mining and navigating that information