1. CHAPTER 1: GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE n CIVICS - the study of what it means to be an American citizen. n How has this meaning changed over time? n GOVERNMENT - A person or a group of people who rule, or have control over, the people in a particular area.

2. A. American Ideas 1. In your small groups discuss some ideals or freedoms that American citizens or freedoms that American citizens have? (3 min.) have? (3 min.) a. How do these ideas change with a. How do these ideas change with where a person lives, what race they where a person lives, what race they are, etc. (3 min.) are, etc. (3 min.) 2. Government officials who work for the people must answer to the people. people must answer to the people.

3. B. The Role of the Citizen 1. How does a citizen participate in government? a. Voting a. Voting b. Working for a political party b. Working for a political party c. Inform government officials c. Inform government officials

4. C. Qualities of a Good Citizen 1. Responsible family member. 2. Respect and obey laws. 3. Respect the rights of others. 4. Loyal 5. Active in government 6. Take part in improving life in communities. communities. 7. Respect individual differences. 8. Use natural resources wisely. 9. What else can you come up with.

5. D. Why take Civics? 1. Being a U.S. citizen is something we often take for granted. often take for granted. 2. In order for our government to work we need citizens who are well informed and need citizens who are well informed and care. care.

6. WHO ARE U.S. CITIZENS * The first settlers of America were the Native Americans. Emigrants - leaving one’s own country to settle in another. settle in another. Immigrants - people who come into a country to settle. to settle. THE IMMIGRATION MOVEMENT CAN BE SUMMARIZED INTO FIVE MOVEMENTS:

7. THE FIRST MOVEMENT A. SPAIN 1. Started with Columbus’s voyages. 1. Started with Columbus’s voyages. 2. Brought Roman Catholic religion to 2. Brought Roman Catholic religion to America. America. 3. Settlements were found in what is now 3. Settlements were found in what is now called Florida, California, Texas and called Florida, California, Texas and New Mexico. New Mexico.

8. B. FRANCE 1. Established colonies mostly along the 1. Established colonies mostly along the lakes. lakes. 2. Mainly involved in fur trading. 2. Mainly involved in fur trading. C. ENGLAND 1. First permanent English colony was 1. First permanent English colony was settled at Jamestown. settled at Jamestown. 2. Original 13 colonies were settled by 2. Original 13 colonies were settled by English. English. 3. Protestant was common religion. 3. Protestant was common religion.

9. 4. Farming and trading were main 4. Farming and trading were main occupations. occupations. 5. English became the prominent 5. English became the prominent language. language.

10. D. AFRICAN-AMERICANS 1. Most were brought to America in 1. Most were brought to America in bondage bondage a. bondage - captivity a. bondage - captivity FOUR MORE IMMIGRATION MOVMENTS FOUR MORE IMMIGRATION MOVMENTS 1. In 1790: 1. In 1790: 75% of the people were of English 75% of the people were of English descent. descent. 8% German Americans 8% German Americans 17% Others 17% Others

11. A. SECOND WAVE (1815- 1860) 1. Most came from Western Europe. 2. Small amount of Chinese. 3. 1861-1865 very little immigration to the U.S. because of Civil War. the U.S. because of Civil War.

12. B. THIRD WAVE (1865-1890) 1. Majority of the immigration took place from Northern Europe.

13. C. FOURTH WAVE (1890- 1924) 1. Majority of immigrants came from Eastern and Southern Europe. Eastern and Southern Europe. 2. America became a land of many different ethnic groups. different ethnic groups.

14. D. FIFTH WAVE (1945- PRESENT) 1. Includes many people who were forced to leave their country or are forced to leave their country or are trying to escape country. trying to escape country. a. Refugees - people who come to a. Refugees - people who come to this land to seek protection. this land to seek protection.

15. U.S. IMMIGRATION POLICY 1. The U.S. became known as the “melting pot”. pot”. 2. During the 1800’s the U.S. had an “open shore policy for immigration. (unlimited shore policy for immigration. (unlimited immigration except for criminals) immigration except for criminals) 3. 1920 U.S. began to put a quota, or limit on the number of immigrants allowed into the the number of immigrants allowed into the country. country. 4. Immigration policy today is guided by the Immigration Act of 1990. Immigration Act of 1990. a. 675,000 immigrants a year are allowed. a. 675,000 immigrants a year are allowed. (Refugees are not included.) (Refugees are not included.)

16. A. Types of Citizenship 1. Native-Born - a. born in any of the states or U.S. a. born in any of the states or U.S. territories you automatically become territories you automatically become a citizen. a citizen. b. One or both parents are a citizen, you b. One or both parents are a citizen, you can be a citizen even if born in a can be a citizen even if born in a foreign land. foreign land.

17. 2. Citizenship by choice 2. Citizenship by choice a. Naturalization - process by a. Naturalization - process by which foreign born people which foreign born people become U.S. citizens. become U.S. citizens. - Must be 18 years of age. - Must be 18 years of age. - Must have lived in the U.S. for - Must have lived in the U.S. for five years. (3 years if married to five years. (3 years if married to an American citizen.) an American citizen.)

18. - Must give info about themselves - Must give info about themselves and their family. and their family. - Show they can speak, read, and - Show they can speak, read, and write English. write English. - Know something about - Know something about American history and American history and government. government. - Two character witnesses. - Two character witnesses.

19. 3. Steps to becoming a naturalized citizen: citizen: a. Declaration of Intention (Optional) a. Declaration of Intention (Optional) b. Petition (Form N-400 Application b. Petition (Form N-400 Application to File for Naturalization) to File for Naturalization) c. Examination c. Examination d. Final Hearing d. Final Hearing 4. No naturalized citizen can hold office of President or Vice President. of President or Vice President.

20. 5. Aliens - citizens of other countries who live in the U.S. (More than 21 live in the U.S. (More than 21 million.) million.) a. Have same rights as U.S. citizens. a. Have same rights as U.S. citizens. (Can not vote or hold public office.) (Can not vote or hold public office.) b. Must register with Immigration b. Must register with Immigration Service. Service. 6. Illegal Aliens (Estimates range from 3.5- 4 million) 4 million) a. More than half are from Mexico a. More than half are from Mexico b. Many work for low wages. b. Many work for low wages. c. Deported - sent back to home country. c. Deported - sent back to home country.

21. B. Do All Citizens Have the Same Rights IN YOUR SMALL GROUPS DISCUSS WHETHER OR NOT AMERICANS ARE DIVIDED INTO CLASSES AND IF IT EFFECTS THE WAY THEY ARE TREATED AS CITIZENS. (7 MIN..) IN YOUR SMALL GROUPS DISCUSS WHETHER OR NOT AMERICANS ARE DIVIDED INTO CLASSES AND IF IT EFFECTS THE WAY THEY ARE TREATED AS CITIZENS. (7 MIN..)

22. THE AMERICAN PEOPLE TODAY 1. Census - official counting of the people every 10 years. every 10 years. a. Determines how many legislators a a. Determines how many legislators a state will have in Congress. state will have in Congress. b. Tells a great deal about families. b. Tells a great deal about families.

23. A. Population Growth 1. Nations grow in three ways: a. Increase in population a. Increase in population - Nations population could exceed - Nations population could exceed 350 million by 2025. 350 million by 2025. - Birthrate - number of live births per - Birthrate - number of live births per 1,000 members of 1,000 members of population. population. - Death rate - number of deaths per - Death rate - number of deaths per 1,000 members of 1,000 members of population. population.

24. b. Adding new territory b. Adding new territory c. Immigration c. Immigration 2. Today’s population continues to grow but the rate of growth is getting smaller but the rate of growth is getting smaller and smaller. and smaller.WHY??

25. B. A People on the Move 1. Farm populations have become smaller every year. every year. a. Rural areas - farms and small towns. a. Rural areas - farms and small towns. b. Urban areas - bigger cities. b. Urban areas - bigger cities. c. suburbs - cities surrounding big cities. c. suburbs - cities surrounding big cities. (people living in suburbs outnumbers (people living in suburbs outnumbers those living in bigger cities.) those living in bigger cities.) d. Metropolitan Areas - cities and their d. Metropolitan Areas - cities and their suburbs. (3/4 of the U.S. pop. lives in suburbs. (3/4 of the U.S. pop. lives in these areas.) these areas.)

26. C. Another Population Shift 1. Migration - large movements of people from 1 region to another. from 1 region to another. a. In the U.S. people are moving from a. In the U.S. people are moving from the Midwest and Northeast to the the Midwest and Northeast to the South and West. (People are moving South and West. (People are moving to the sunbelt) to the sunbelt)

27. IN YOUR SMALL GROUPS DISCUSS WHY PEOPLE ARE MOVING FROM RURAL TO URBAN AREAS AND TO THE SUNBELT? WHAT PROBLEMS MIGHT THIS CAUSE? (YOU HAVE 5 MIN..)

28. WHY DO CONFLICTS ARISE IN YOUR SMALL GROUPS COME UP WITH 15 REASONS WHY CONFLICTS ARISE: (5 MIN) WHAT ARE 15 WAYS TO SETTLE CONFLICT? (5 MIN)

29. D. BUSINESS AND CONFLICT 1. Organized labor - working men and women who belong to unions. women who belong to unions. 2. Organized management - people who operate a business. operate a business. 3. Collective bargaining - the ability of labor unions to meet with employers labor unions to meet with employers to work out agreements concerning to work out agreements concerning working conditions and wages. working conditions and wages.

31. E. A Diverse Population 1. As we said before the U.S. is known as a melting pot. melting pot. a. African Americans are the largest a. African Americans are the largest minority group.( 33%) minority group.( 33%) b. Hispanic Americans are second. b. Hispanic Americans are second. c. Fastest growing group is Asian c. Fastest growing group is Asian Americans. Americans.

32. F. Families and Their Roles 1. Family size is getting smaller. 2. More people are living alone. 3. More single parent families. (Less than 30% of today's households are 30% of today's households are traditional.) traditional.) 4. More people are graduating from college. 5. More women are joining the work force. 6. The nation is growing older. a. Death rate and birth rate are both a. Death rate and birth rate are both decreasing. decreasing.

33. DISCUSS WHAT POSITIVES AND NEGATIVES DO YOU SEE FROM THE PREVIOUS STATISTICS? (3 MIN)

34. POSSIBLE ASSIGNMENTS n 1. Bring in article to showing how government effects our every day lives. n 2. Find out which immigration movement your ancestors came over in. n 3. Skills worksheet pg. 1 n 4. Enrichment worksheet pg. 1 n 5. Building your portfolio pg. 19 n 6. Citizenship in your community pg. 19 n 7. Quiz (Chap 1) n 8. Pg. 96 American Govrn. Worksheets n EXTRA CREDIT (10 pts.) n 1. Voc workshop Main ideas and Thinking critically pg. 19