1. Key Terms Pilgrim Crusades Coach Smith Aim: Why were the Crusades a turning point in history?

2. Coach Smith In the seventh century, Muslims conquered Palestine.

3. Muslim Conquest Coach Smith In the seventh century, Muslims conquered Palestine. Initially, the Muslim conquerors allowed Jews and Christians to freely enter the Holy Land. As time passed, some Muslim rulers were less tolerant.

4. Coach Smith Christians wanted to visit the land where Jesus was born. When a person travels for religious purposes, he is a pilgrim.

5. Rumors and Intolerance Coach Smith As the years passed, reports spread that some Muslims had killed Christian pilgrims and destroyed churches. European Christians were also increasingly intolerant of Muslims controlling the Holy Land. As tensions increased, war seemed inevitable.

6. Coach Smith In 1095, Pope Urban II called for a crusade, or war, against the Muslims.

7. Pope Urban II Coach Smith In 1095, Pope Urban II, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, called for a crusade, or war, against the Muslims. Ultimately, the Christians fought many crusades against the Muslims. However, Christians never permanently regained control of the Holy Land.

8. Coach Smith For almost 200 years – from 1096 to 1291- European crusaders went to the Holy Land.

9. Coach Smith Many Europeans Joined the Crusades. Some joined for the promise of Heaven. Others joined hoping for wealth.

10. Crusaders Coach Smith Crusaders were European Christians who heeded the Pope’s call to regain the Holy Land. Crusaders joined for many reasons. Some joined for the promise of Heaven, others for wealth, and still others for adventure.

11. Coach Smith Crusaders often wore a cross on their breastplate.

12. The Effects of the Crusades Coach Smith Historians frequently call the Crusades “a successful failure.” While Europeans never regained permanent control of the Holy Land and many people were killed, cultural diffusion increased. Europeans began to trade with the Middle East.

13. Coach Smith Europeans learned about Arab art, architecture, medicine, and mathematics.

14. Questions for Reflection: Coach Smith Why were Christians upset that Muslims had gained control of the Holy Land? Define pilgrim. What is a crusade? Why did the Pope call for a Crusade? Why do historians call the Crusades “a successful failure”? What was an effect of the Crusades?

15. Mini-Project A. Choose one of the following: Coach Smith Make a pamphlet or advertisement recruiting for the Crusades. History vs. Hollywood: The Crusades is one of the most important events of the last one thousand years. There are many ways to get the message of the Crusades across and the movie: The Kingdom of Heaven attempts to do just that. How accurate is the movie to the actual Crusades? Watch the film and find THREE historical accuracies and THREE Hollywood additions to the film.

16. Mini Project Coach Smith Choose one of the following: Make a pamphlet or advertisement recruiting for the Crusades. History vs. Hollywood: The Crusades is one of the most important events of the last one thousand years. There are many ways to get the message of the Crusades across and the movie: The Kingdom of Heaven attempts to do just that. How accurate is the movie to the actual Crusades? Watch the film and find THREE historical accuracies and THREE Hollywood additions to the film.