1. International IDEA International IDEA Elections and Conflict Project By Sead Alihodzic Programme Officer – International IDEA

2. election-related violence International IDEA Some definitions of election-related violence point to: (Jeff Fisher - 2002; Timothy Sisk - 2009) Acts of: psychological harm (intimidation, coercion, blackmail) physical harm (including assassinations and killing) Directed against: electoral actors electoral events electoral facilities election materials

3. some incentives for resorting to violence International IDEA Motives: Seeking electoral advantages Committing violent acts against political competitors and their supporters Disrupting elections Incentive of those who are denied participation in elections, or for whatever reason have particular interest that elections do not take place Mistrusted and flawed electoral processes Those who share perceptions that elections are manipulated and rigged Violence as response to violence

4. International IDEA ►devastating for human rights ►devastating for economy ►devastating for democracy consequences Election-related violence is:

5. International IDEA Enhance global capacities for prevention and mitigation of election-related violence TOOL OBJECTIVESTOOL DESIGN -Global public good -Action oriented -Sustainable -Customisable (can fit into any social context) -Bridging gap between learning and doing - Evolves with use (stores data, allows cross-election analysis) 2008 IDEA strategic decision

6. International IDEA IDEA experiences Literature review Desk research Study visits Global consultations (Johanesburg) Expert meeting (Stockholm) Training, workshops, conferences Factors Data sources Data Analysis Actions work done: 2008-2009 Existing Approaches IDEA theoretical/analytical concept IDEA tool design

7. International IDEA IDEA tool structure KNOWLEDGE RESOURCES ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS PREVENTION STRATEGIES

8. International IDEA WIDER SOCIAL CONTEXT - existing violence and structural factors - TROUBLED VOTER REGISTRATION HEATED PARTY CAMPAIGN PROBLEMATIC VOTING ethnic and religious conflicts corruption poverty displaced persons and refugees party militias terrorism bias judiciary political revenge ELECTIONSELECTIONS CONTESTED LEGISLATION LACK OF TRUST IN EMBs INADEQUATE FUNDS INADEQUATE PLANNING INADEQUATE EDUCATION AND TRAINING MISMANAGEMENT OF APPEALS REJECTION OF RESULTS organized crime neighbourhood violence violence against women State building - buffer - human security reconciliation justice and rule of law economic development political institutions Theoretical framework

9. Internal Factors External Factors Legislation Unfit Electoral system Contested electoral law Lack of adequate ground rules Planning and implementation Inadequate system for dispute resolution Lack of trust in electoral management bodies Inadequate operational planning and financing Inadequate security arrangements Training and education Poor training for electoral officials No/poor training programmes for PPs, CSOs media Poor or no civic education Poor voter information Voter and candidate registration Problematic voter registration Problematic registration of political party/candidates Problematic accreditation of observers Electoral campaign Limited media access Provocative media campaigning Provocative political party rallying Provocative and violent actions by political parties Voting operations Deficit, destruction and loss of election materials Lack of transparency re-special and external voting Problematic voting day Problematic ballot counting and result tallying Lost/destroyed tabulation forms Fraud suspected Verification of results Mishandling a final round of complaints and appeals Delay in publication of official results Rejection of results internal external International IDEA Factor description: 1.context 2.empirical cases 3.interrelated factors 4.observable indicators 5.data collection and analysis Knowledge resources- factors Poverty, inequality and high unemployment Exclusion of minority / marginalized groups Changing power dynamics Gender-based discrimination and violence Presence of non-state armed actors and neighbouring violent actors Presence of organized armed actors Genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes Human rights violations’ Natural hazards

10. International IDEA Country & elections specific model Internal Factors Legislation Unfit Electoral system Contested electoral law Lack of adequate ground rules Planning and implementation Inadequate system for dispute resolution Lack of trust in electoral management bodies Inadequate operational planning and financing Inadequate security arrangements Training and education Poor training for electoral officials No/poor training programmes for PPs, CSOs media Poor or no civic education Poor voter information Voter and candidate registration Problematic voter registration Problematic registration of political party/candidates Problematic accreditation of observers Electoral campaign Limited media access Provocative media campaigning Provocative political party rallying Provocative and violent actions by political parties Voting operations Deficit, destruction and loss of (non)sensitive materials Lack of transparency re-special and external voting Problematic voting day Problematic ballot counting and result tallying Lost/destroyed tabulation forms Fraud suspected Verification of results Mishandling a final round of complaints and appeals Delay in publication of official results Rejection of results External Factors Analytical instruments Trend analysis Risk Mapping

11. International IDEA Improved Electoral Management and Justice Improved Peace Architecture Improved Electoral Security Prevention and mitigation

12. the way ahead 2012-2014 International IDEA ► Piloting (Africa, LA, AP) 2011/2012/2013 ► Final phase of development 2013 ► Launch 2013 2014- user registration - feedback - updates - users’ network

13. practical and policy values International IDEA ► COLLABORATION - Brings together different communities of practice in addressing election related violence (designed to create such incentives) ► ACTION - Helps understanding multiplicity of factors (internal and external) and their main characteristics relating to: - dynamics - short and long term prevention strategies ► METHODOLOGICAL CONSISTANCE – Allows consistent data collection and analysis (documentation, policy, advocacy) ► LEARNING – Becomes platform that facilitates collection and exchange of best practices developed at national and/or international level.

14. International IDEA Thank You!Thank You!