1. Why?
To Spend money well and achieve fair outcomes
What?
Identify discrimination
Understand how sex differences and gendered power relations affect access to rights
Key questions:
Do women and men have any different needs when it comes to rights in this context? Do they have the same access to their rights? Do they have the same opportunities to enjoy those rights?
Does the work that you do affect women and men equally? Do you discriminate in your work without realising it? How? Do you work to enhance gender equality?
When?
Throughout our work: from designing our initiatives to evaluating them. In protection and promotion work. Within our own human resource strategies.
Who?
All of us!

2. Gender: Constructed over time, place and by people Sex: Biological differences, usually fixed

3. The Two Pronged/ Twin Track Approach
Gender Equality
Gender Mainstreaming
Targeted action: Empowerment and Equality

4. Costs and Benefits Benefits to Girls and Women
Women and
Girls
Benefits to Girls and Women
Benefits to Boys and Men
Dominant Masculinity
Gender Equality
Costs to either sex?
Costs to Girls and Women
Costs to Boys and Men

5. In Small Groups Record as many benefits or costs as you can.
Consider different levels: Individuals, Relationships, Community, Society
Consider different contexts: Public and private life- family, education, leadership, employment, violence, politics etc.

6. Costs of Dominant Masculinity to Boys and Men
COSTS for boys and men
Compulsory military service
Women and girls we care about are victims of violence
Emotional costs (no crying); bullying by other men if not seen to conform
Limited involvement in family life
Pressure to succeed, to provide
More behaviour disorders
More school expulsions
Pressure to make decisions alone
More prison time
More likely to take their own lives
Better pay, better jobs

7. Benefits of Dominant Masculinity to Boys and Men

8. Benefits of Dominant Masculinity to Women and Girls
Economic Protection during pregnancy and child rearing
Physical Protection
by men against other men
BENEFITS for Girls and Women
High status for those conforming to gender roles
Possibility of flexible working to conform to norms
Availability of jobs that conform to roles

9. Costs of Dominant Masculinity to Girls and Women

10. Benefits of Gender Equality for Girls and Women

11. Benefits of Gender Equality for Boys and Men

12. Key Learning Points
Dominant masculinity has costs and benefits for men and boys, as well as for women and girls.
Understanding these costs and benefits is useful for strategising and influencing
Gender equality benefits everyone and hurts no one!