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Published byWinifred Hines Modified over 9 years ago
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Prof. Erik Lu
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MORPHOLOGY GRAMMAR MORPHOLOGY
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MORPHEMES BOUND FREE WORDS LEXICAL GRAMMATICAL NOUNS VERBS ADJECTIVES (ADVERBS) PRONOUNS ARTICLES ADVERBS PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS INFLECTIONAL DERIVATIONAL allomorphs
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Lexical words Have a lexical morpheme = ROOT Base = word capable of being transformed into another word Bases = stems + affix 1 root Stems 1 root + affixes
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WORDS SIMPLE = 1 lexical morpheme COMPOUND = more than 1 lexical morpheme
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Representations of Words I. Traditional hyphens Tree- s Mad-ness Un-luck - i ly Glo-al-iza-tion
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II. Labelled Brackets Example : globalization Globe global globalize globalization (((( glob ) N al ) A iz) V ation) N
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III.Tree diagrams N V Af A Af N Af globe al ize tion
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WORD FORMATION DERIVATION COMPOUNDING AFFIXES PREFIXES SUFFIXES NOUN LEXICAL WORDS NOUN ADJECT ADEJCT
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SUFFIXES Origin : Latin or derived from German Are added to lexical roots = stems Form new nouns, adjectives, and adverbs Noun Forming Suffixes Agentive (er,or,ar,ier,eer,yer,ster) Non agentive Abstract nouns endings :_
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Latin origin suffixes:
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Adjective forming suffixes Suffix Y Suffix ISH Suffix FUL Suffix LESS Suffix LIKE
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Adjective with Latin suffixes Suffix OUS Ending IVE Ending BLE Ending IC Ending AL
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Verb forming suffixes Suffix EN Ending IZE Suffix ATE Suffix ISH Ending FY Adverb forming Suffixes Suffix ly Ex.
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Prefixes Origin : Saxon, Latin,Greek
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Compounding Forming new words by combining two already existing ones NOUNS ADJECTIVES Components :
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N D H steam boat
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Phrases Complementary Phrases = NP PP Adj N P NP gold chain of gold
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Adverbial Phrase – provides information about the verb VP VP V Adv P V PP adv p NP shouted joyfully shouted with joy
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Sentences Essential elements of a sentence
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SIMPLE SENTENCE
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COMPOUND SENTENCE A
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COMPLEX SENTENCE A
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Relative clauses A. B. C. D. We use relative clauses to
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Subject Pronoun or Object Pronoun? Subject and object pronouns cannot be distinguished by their forms object pronouns. You can, however, distinguish them as follows:
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