1. Case study III

2. Requirement 1.Allow the user to grip the handle with hand so that the user can manipulate the dolly. 2.Be fastened on the dolly frame with durability, stress concentration at bolting site, and impact resistance (goods may be dropped on the dolly). 3.Mass production (a large amount of handles are guaranteed). 4.Mid-winter so that the property assurance at low temperature. 5.Corrosion resistance.

3. Alternative means to make it Option 1: Use polymer to replace the permanent-mold aluminum castings as casting of aluminum is costly. Option 2: Use stainless steel to replace the permanent-mold aluminum castings as casting of aluminum is costly

4. Alternative means to make it Option 1: Use polymer to replace the permanent-mold aluminum castings. Pros: -Meeting the requirements 1, 3, 5 very well. -Cheap and easy manufacturing Cons: -Durability poor -Low temperature property uncertainty

5. Alternative means to make it Option 2: Use stainless steel to replace the permanent-mold aluminum castings Pros: -Meeting all the requirements Cons: -High cost

6. Alternative means to make it If the winter is not so cold (not as cold as Saskatoon) or the dolly can be avoided for the very cold winter (with a certain temperature threshold), one may go with option 1.

7. Die casting for option 1 -Mass production. -Polymer – low melting point. -Adding chop fiber in the polymer so that to improve its durability.

8. Design Modification -Equal thickness -Pattern removal draft