1. Rigging Presentation

2. Wire Rope
Nomenclature

3. A wire rope is a Machine
with many moving parts

4. The Core Fiber IWRC Strand
Core is full of oil and oil oozes out to lubricate the stands and wires.
If the lubrication is lacking then wires will not slide but will abraid as they go over each other during wire rope movement.
Another purpose of the core is to maintain the circular shape of the wire rope.
Fiber
IWRC
Strand

5. How to describe any wire rope
A typical wire rope may be
designated 6X25 FW PRF RLL
XIP IWRC. This translates to:
A 6 strand (6X25) of filler wire
construction (FW). The grade of
wire used is Extra Improved Plow
Steel (XIP). The strands are preformed (PRF) in helical pattern before being laid Right lang (RLL) around an Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC).

6. 6X19 IWRC (Internal Wirerope Core)

8. Paint To Paint = 1 Lay

9. How a Wire Rope “Machine” Works

10. Equalizes Unequal Forces on The Rope as it
Goes Over the Sheaves
Right
Lay
Regular
Left
Lay
Regular
Right
Lay
Lang

11. Ropes and chains shall be regularly lubricated
LUBRICATION
Ropes and chains shall be regularly lubricated

12. BLOCK & TACKLE

13. Slings

14. Slings
Choker
Basket
Straight
Bridle

15. Straight Sling

16. Choker Sling

17. Basket Sling

18. Bridle Sling

19. Two legged Bridle Sling

20. Four legged Bridle Sling

21. Four legged Bridle Sling

22. Bridle

23. SPLICES

24. Mechanical Splice

25. Hand Tucked Eye Splice

26. Hand Tucked Eye Splice

28. Mechanical Splice

30. Wire Rope

31. ROPE INSPECTIONS

32. Always measure the diameter of any rope
at its widest point - by turning the caliper on the rope

33. What’s wrong with this?

34. Broken Wires

35. How many broken wires?

36. Crushed

37. Close-up view

38. Kinking

39. Bird Caging
A “bird cage”. Caused by sudden release of tension and resultant rebound of rope from overloaded condition. These strands and wires will not return to their original positions.

40. Rigging Standard

41. Slings and Attachments

42. OSHA STANDARDS
29 CFR 1926 CONSTRUCTION

43. 1926.251(a) Rigging equipment for material handling
(a) General. (1) Inspection of rigging equipment
(2) Rigging equipment shall not be loaded in excess of its recommended safe working load
(3) Rigging equipment, when not in use, shall be removed
(4) Marking of special custom design grabs, hooks, clamps, or other lifting accessories, for such units as modular panels, prefabricated structures and similar materials, shall be marked to indicate the safe working loads and shall be proof-tested prior to use to 125 percent of their rated load.
(a) General. (1) Rigging equipment for material handling shall be
inspected prior to use on each shift and as necessary during its use to
ensure that it is safe. Defective rigging equipment shall be removed from
service.
(a)(2)
(2) Rigging equipment shall not be loaded in excess of its recommended
safe working load, as prescribed in Tables H-1 through H-20 in this
subpart, following (e) for the specific equipment.
(a)(3)
(3) Rigging equipment, when not in use, shall be removed from the
immediate work area so as not to present a hazard to employees.
(a)(4)
(4) Special custom design grabs, hooks, clamps, or other lifting
accessories, for such units as modular panels, prefabricated structures
and similar materials, shall be marked to indicate the safe working loads
and shall be proof-tested prior to use to 125 percent of their rated load.

44. 1926.251(a) Rigging equipment for material handling
(5) "Scope."
Applies to slings used in conjunction with other material handling equipment for the movement of material by hoisting, in employment's covered by this part.
Types of slings covered are those made from alloy steel chain, wire rope, metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope (conventional three strand construction), and synthetic web (nylon, polyester, and polypropylene).
(6) "Inspections."
Each day before being used,
Additional inspections where service conditions warrant.
Damaged or defective slings shall be immediately removed from service.
(5) "Scope." This section applies to slings used in conjunction with
other material handling equipment for the movement of material by
hoisting, in employment's covered by this part. The types of slings
covered are those made from alloy steel chain, wire rope, metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope (conventional three strand construction), and synthetic web (nylon, polyester, and polypropylene).
(a)(6)
(6) "Inspections." Each day before being used, the sling and all
fastenings and attachments shall be inspected for damage or defects by a competent person designated by the employer. Additional inspections shall be performed during sling use, where service conditions warrant. Damaged or defective slings shall be immediately removed from service.

45. (b) Alloy steel chains.
(1) Welded alloy steel chain slings shall have permanently affixed durable identification stating size, grade, rated capacity, and sling manufacturer.

46. shall have a rated capacity at least equal to that of the chain.
(b) Alloy steel chains.
(2) Hooks, rings, oblong links, pear-shaped links, welded or mechanical
coupling links, or other attachments, when used with alloy steel chains,
shall have a rated capacity at least equal to that of the chain.

47. (b) Alloy steel chains.
(b)(3) Job or shop hooks and links, or makeshift fasteners, formed from bolts, rods, etc., or other such attachments, shall not be used.

48. Alloy Steel Chain
(b)(4) Rated capacity (working load limit) for alloy steel chain slings shall conform to the values shown in Table H-1.

49. Cracked,Pitted & Non-alloy Repair Link
(b)(5) Whenever wear at any point of any chain link exceeds that shown in Table H-2, the assembly shall be removed from service.

50. Legal Repair Link

51. Doesn’t have design load Strength - Malleability
Illegal Repair Link
Doesn’t have design load Strength - Malleability

52. Sling shackle

58. 1926.251(b) Rigging equipment for material handling
(b)(6) "Inspections."
(i) In addition to the inspection required by other paragraphs of this section, a thorough periodic inspection of alloy steel chain slings in use shall be made on a regular basis, to be determined on the basis of
(A) frequency of sling use;
(B) severity of service conditions;
(C) nature of lifts being made; and
(D) experience gained on the service life of slings used in similar circumstances. Such inspections shall in no event be at intervals greater than once every 12 months.
(b)(6)(ii) The employer shall make and maintain a record of the most recent month in which each alloy steel chain sling was thoroughly inspected, and shall make such record available for examination.
Inspections
Rope
(b)(6) "Inspections." (i) In addition to the inspection required by other paragraphs of this section, a thorough periodic inspection of alloy steel chain slings in use shall be made on a regular basis, to be determined on the basis of
(A) frequency of sling use;
(B) severity of service conditions;
(C) nature of lifts being made; and
(D) experience gained on the service life of slings used in similar circumstances. Such inspections shall in no event be at intervals greater than once every 12 months.
(b)(6)(ii) The employer shall make and maintain a record of the most recent month in which each alloy steel chain sling was thoroughly inspected, and shall make such record available for examination.

59. 1926.251(c) Rigging equipment for material handling
(c) Wire rope.
Use tables H-3 - H-4 Rated Capacities For Single Leg Slings - to determine the safe working loads of various sizes and classifications of improved plow steel wire rope and wire rope slings with various types of terminals.
(c) Wire rope. (1) Tables H-3 through H-14 shall be used to determine the safe working loads of various sizes and classifications of improved plow steel wire rope and wire rope slings with various types of terminals. For sizes, classifications, and grades not included in these tables, the safe working load recommended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products shall be followed, provided that a safety factor of not less than 5 is maintained.
(c)(2) Protruding ends of strands in splices on slings and bridles shall be covered or blunted (c)(3) Wire rope shall not be secured by knots, except on haul back lines on scrapers.

60. 1926.251(c) Rigging equipment for material handling
(c)(2) Protruding ends of strands in splices on slings and bridles shall be covered or blunted.
(c)(3) Wire rope shall not be secured by knots, except on haul back lines on scrapers.

61. 1926.251(c) Rigging equipment for material handling
(c)(4) The following limitations shall apply to the use of wire rope:
(i) Eye splice
(ii)Eye splices in the ends of wires and for endless rope slings continuous piece without knot or splice.
(iii) Eyes in wire rope slings
(iv) When wire rope shows signs of excessive wear, corrosion, or defect.
(5) When U-bolt wire rope clips are used to form eyes,
(i) When used for eye splices, the U-bolt shall be applied so that the "U" section is in contact with the dead end of the rope.
(c)(6) Slings shall not be shortened with knots or bolts or other makeshift devices.
(c)(4) The following limitations shall apply to the use of wire rope:
(i) An eye splice made in any wire rope shall have not less than three full tucks. However, this requirement shall not operate to preclude the use of another form of splice or connection which can be shown to be as efficient and which is not otherwise prohibited.
(ii) Except for eye splices in the ends of wires and for endless rope slings, each wire rope used in hoisting or lowering, or in pulling loads, shall consist of one continuous piece without knot or splice.
(iii) Eyes in wire rope bridles, slings, or bull wires shall not be formed by wire rope clips or knots.
(iv) Wire rope shall not be used if, in any length of eight diameters, the total number of visible broken wires exceeds 10 percent of the total number of wires, or if the rope shows other signs of excessive wear,
corrosion, or defect.
(5) When U-bolt wire rope clips are used to form eyes, Table H-20 shall be used to determine the number and spacing of clips.
(i) When used for eye splices, the U-bolt shall be applied so that the "U" section is in contact with the dead end of the rope.
(c)(6) Slings shall not be shortened with knots or bolts or other makeshift devices.

62. Internal Color Code String
To ID. MFG.

63. Wire Rope Clips
Can only be used for non lifting purposes.

65. Sand cast clip
Not strong not manufactured to be torqued

66. Fist Grip

67. Double Saddle Wire Rope Clip

68. 1926.251(e) Rigging equipment for material handling
(e) Synthetic webbing (nylon, polyester, and polypropylene).
(1) The employer shall have each synthetic web sling marked or coded to show:
(i) Name or trademark of manufacturer.
(ii) Rated capacities for the type of hitch.
(iii) Type of material.
(e) Synthetic webbing (nylon, polyester, and polypropylene).
(1) The employer shall have each synthetic web sling marked or coded to show:
(i) Name or trademark of manufacturer.
(ii) Rated capacities for the type of hitch.
(iii) Type of material.
(2) Rated capacity shall not be exceeded.
(3) "Webbing." Synthetic webbing shall be of uniform thickness and width and selvage edges shall not be split from the webbing's width.
(4) "Fittings." Fittings shall be:
(i) Of a minimum breaking strength equal to that of the sling; and
(ii) Free of all sharp edges that could in any way damage the webbing.

69. 1926.251(e) Rigging equipment for material handling
(2) Rated capacity shall not be exceeded.
(3) "Webbing." Synthetic webbing shall be of uniform thickness and width and selvage edges shall not be split from the webbing's width.
(4) "Fittings." Fittings shall be:
(i) Of a minimum breaking strength equal to that of the sling; and
(ii) Free of all sharp edges that could in any way damage the webbing.

70. 1926.251(e) Rigging equipment for material handling
(5) "Attachment of end fittings to webbing and formation of eyes.” Stitching shall be the only method used to attach end fittings to webbing and to form eyes. The thread shall be in an even pattern and contain a sufficient number of stitches to develop the full breaking strength of the sling.
(5) "Attachment of end fittings to webbing and formation of eyes.” Stitching shall be the only method used to attach end fittings to webbing and to form eyes. The thread shall be in an even pattern and contain a sufficient number of stitches to develop the full breaking strength of the sling.
(6) "Environmental conditions." When synthetic web slings are used, the following precautions shall be taken:
(i) Nylon web slings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of acids or phenolics are present.
(ii) Polyester and polypropylene web slings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of caustics are present.
(iii) Web slings with aluminum fittings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of caustics are present.
(7) "Safe operating temperatures." Synthetic web slings of polyester and nylon shall not be used at temperatures in excess of 180 deg. F (82.2 deg. C). Polypropylene web slings shall not be used at temperatures in excess of 200 deg. F (93.33 deg. C).

71. 1926.251(e) Rigging equipment for material handling
(6) "Environmental conditions." When synthetic web slings are used, the following precautions shall be taken:
(i) Nylon web slings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of acids or phenolics are present.
(ii) Polyester and polypropylene web slings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of caustics are present.
(iii) Web slings with aluminum fittings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of caustics are present.

72. 1926.251(e) Rigging equipment for material handling
(7) "Safe operating temperatures." Synthetic web slings of polyester and nylon shall not be used at temperatures in excess of 180 deg. F (82.2 deg. C). Polypropylene web slings shall not be used at temperatures in excess of 200 deg. F (93.33 deg. C).

73. 1926.251(e) Rigging equipment for material handling
(8) "Removal from service." Synthetic web slings shall be immediately removed from service if any of the following conditions are present:
(i) Acid or caustic burns;
(ii) Melting or charring of any part of the sling surface;
(iii) Snags, punctures, tears or cuts;
(iv) Broken or worn stitches; or
(v) Distortion of fittings.
(8) "Removal from service." Synthetic web slings shall be immediately removed from service if any of the following conditions are present:
(i) Acid or caustic burns;
(ii) Melting or charring of any part of the sling surface;
(iii) Snags, punctures, tears or cuts;
(iv) Broken or worn stitches; or
(v) Distortion of fittings.

74. All rigging equipment must be inspected
on a regular basis

75. Check handle of metal mesh sling for rated load capacity

76. Most damage is easy to see

77. Heat Damage

79. Do Not use for lifting Doesn’t have design load
Strength - Malleability

80. Melted Link
OSHA std limits how much heat you can expose allow chain

82. Deformed hook

84. Positive Latching Hook Per 550 (G)

86. Wedge Socket
(Terminator)

87. Wedge socket moves reseats itself and rope can be crushed causing failure of the rope.

88. Web connector with spool