1. Sectionalism to Separatism

8. United states or united States? 1800cotton gin- makes plantation production of cotton practical. Cotton production becomes “industrialized;” massive work force is needed. 1820Missouri Compromise- Maine (free state) and Missouri (slave state) enter the Union to balance the Senate. No more slave states north of Missouri’s southern border.

9. 1830-50’sAbolitionism- Slavery is morally wrong, slavery is an attack upon a free labor market. 1846-48Mexican War- US adds huge new territories: Slave states or free states? Both cultures/economies of North and South want to control the new territories.

10. 1850Compromise of 1850- CA is a free state, NM by “popular soereignty; DC pop sov; no slave trade; Fugitive Slave law- penalize those who harbor slaves. 1856Kansas Nebraska Act- slavery here would be decided by popular sovereignty. Did away with Missouri Compromise. Supported in the South, not in the North. 1857Depression- Unemployment; resentment against cheap labor (immigrant and slave); high tarriff pressure. N-yes, S-no.

11. 1858Bleeding Kansas- Guerilla warfare between pro-slave and anti-slave settlers over “Popular Sovereignty” in Kansas. 1859John Brown- Radical Abolitionist leads a raid on U.S. government army base in VA to instigate a slave rebellion. Brown is hero in North; prophet of the future to the south.

12. 1860Lincoln- Republican; aggressive enemy of the expansion of slavery into new states; is elected president without any votes from the south; politics is completely sectionalized. 1861Secession- Southern states rebel; South claims states created Constitution, they therefore can dissolve it (nullification).