1. The New Curriculum
Key Concept 5.2 “Intensified by expansion and deepening regional divisions, debates over slavery and other economic, cultural, and political issues led the nation into civil war.”
Big ideas:
What were different factors that led to an increase in sectionalism?
What were different methods abolitionists used to achieve their goals?
Why did proposals to resolve the issue of slavery in territories ultimately fail?

2. Key Concept 5.2 I Northern v. Southern economies: Abolitionism: North:
Manufacturing – use of free labor
Population grew rapidly - immigration
South:
More reliant on agriculture and slavery
Slow population growth
Abolitionism:
Minority in the North
Very noticeable campaign
William Lloyd Garrison’s Liberator called for the IMMEDIATE end to slavery
Underground RR helped slaves escape – 1,000/ year
Some used violence to achieve goals:
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
David Walker’s Appeal
John Brown’s Raid

3. Key Concept 5.2 I Continued
Many in the South defended slavery as a positive good
John C. Calhoun
Arguments used to defend slavery:
States’ Rights:
States could create laws to determine what’s in their own best interest
Nullification:
VA and KY Resolutions, SC Exposition and Protest – belief that states could nullify (void) federal laws
Racist Stereotypes:
Minstrel Shows:
White actors used blackface in shows that promoted racism and stereotypes
“Jim Crow” was a major character

4. Key Concept 5.2 II
Proposals to resolve the issue of slavery that ultimately failed to reduce tensions:
Compromise of 1850:
Major Parts:
CA was added as a free state
Tips the balance in favor of free states
Slave Trade was abolished in DC
Slavery remained, just not the trade
Popular Sovereignty in land gained from Mexican Session
Those living in territories could decide status of slavery
More strict Fugitive Slave Act – will infuriate Northerners
Requires Northerners to aid in catching and return of slaves
Leads to Personal Liberty Laws
Kansas-Nebraska Act:
1854 Law that allowed for popular sovereignty in the Kansas and Nebraska Territories
The expectation was that Kansas would be slave, Nebraska would be free
Overturned the Missouri Compromise
Many in the North were upset
Helped lead to the creation of the Republican Party

5. Key Concept 5.2 II Continued
Proposals to resolve the issue of slavery that ultimately failed to reduce tensions:
Dred Scott v. Sanford:
African Americans (regardless if they were free or slave) were NOT citizens and could not sue in court
Slaves were considered property and could not be taken away without “due process” (5th amendment)
Congress could not regulate slavery in territories
Tensions between the North and South increase
Democratic Party splits along sectional lines
The end of the Second Party System was caused by:
Issues of slavery and nativism -> helped lead to sectional parties (see election of 1860)
Republican Party emerged in the North and Midwest:
Made up of Free-Soilers and some former Whigs
Lincoln’s Presidential Platform in 1860 was the NONEXTENSION of slavery
Ultimately, this would lead to many southern states seceding, causing the Civil War