1. Ch 7 Immigrants and Urbanization

2. Identify and explain the significance Ch 7
Section 1 Terms & names
Ellis Island
Angel island
Melting pot
Nativism
Section 2
Urbanization
Americanization movement
Tenement
Mass transit
Social gospel
Settlement house
Jane Addams
Section 3
Political Machine
Graft
Boss Tweed
Patronage
Civil Service
Pendleton Civil Service Act
DIRECTIONS
For each term Explain what it is AND why its important to this time period.

3. Section 1 The New immigrants
Push factors
Famine, land shortages or religious and political persecution
Pull Factors
A better life, rel. freedom, pol. freedom
“birds of passage” immigrate, temporarily and return with money

4. Europeans New Immigrants came from Italy, Austria-Hungary and Russia
Southern and Eastern Europe
Italy, Austria-Hungary
and Russia
Left for religious persecution
Pogroms – organized
attacks

5. Chinese and Japanese Chinese came in smaller numbers Gold rush
Work on the trains
Japanese workers
Recruited by Hawaiian planters (annexed in 1898)
High wages drove more people here

6. Life in the New land A difficult Journey
1 week from Europe 3 weeks from Asia
Crowded together not allowed on deck, no exercise or fresh air
Disease spread quickly
Ellis Island in New York Harbor
Detained for inspection 5 hours to a few days
Checked for medical and legal reasons

7. Cont. Angel Island -San Francisco –West Coast
Settled in communities together (homogeneous)
Formed organizations to help themselves

8. Chinese Exclusion Act
In 1882-Banned entry to all Chinese Except students, teachers, merchants tourist and government officials
Not repealed until 1943

10. Melting Pot
The true picture
Americanization?

11. Gentlemen's Agreement
After California passed segregation law in the school against Japanese
Japan Agreed to restrict unskilled labor in exchange for the repeal of the segregation

12. The Rise of Nativism
Nativism, overt favoritism toward native-born Americans
KKK rises in numbers in response to immigration

13. Section 2 the Challenges of Urbanization
Urban Opportunities
Urbanization –rapid growth of cities
Immigrants settle in the cities
Americanization movement – designed to assimilate people into the dominant culture
Ethnic communities supplied support
Migration from country to city
Fewer farm laborers needed
African Americans move to cities

14. Urban Problems Housing
Housing outside cities had transportation problems
Tenements, multifamily urban dwellings
Transportation – mass transit- street cars, electric subways
Water- safe drinking water was a problem
Diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever
Filtration and then chlorination in 1908

15. Cont. Crime- first full timed salaried police force in 1844
Fire- limited water supply caused problems

17. Section 2 mapping

18. Section 3 Politics in the Gilded Age
The Emergence of Political Machines
Organized group that controlled the activities of a political party by controlling votes, courts and police
The Role of the Political Boss
Access to municipal jobs and business licenses
Some used this to help
Provided solutions
Helped with immigration, naturalization, jobs and housing

19. Municipal Graft and Scandal
Election Fraud
Take advantage of position for personal gain – Graft
Kickback system
Took bribes to allow illegal activities, such as gambling.

21. the Kickback

22. Civil Service Replaces Patronage
Giving government jobs to people who had helped a candidate get elected
Spoils System
Reformers began to push for the elimination of the spoils System and adoption of the merit system
Civil Service jobs –government administration – should go to the most qualified

23. Hayes, Garfield and Arthur
Republican president Rutherford B. Hayes was elected in 1876 tried to get congress to reform –

26. 2000 presidential election

27. Hayes, Garfield and Arthur
Republican split
In 1880 The republicans run James A. Garfield a reformer and Chester A. Arthur a Stalwart
Stalwarts
Reformers (halfbreeds)
Did not want change
Supported reforms to end spoils system
Chester A. Arthur VP
James A. Garfield P

29. Assassination of Garfield
Garfield was assassinated by Charles Guiteau on July 2, 1881 only a few months after taking office
Arthur now president had to adjust- becoming a reformer
Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883

31. Business Buys Influence
With the end of the spoil system politicians turned to wealthy business owners for campaign contributions
Grover Cleveland first democrat elected in 28 years
Tried to lower tariffs – no congress support
Ran for reelection in 1888 but lost to Benjamin Harrison

32. Tariff Reform Free Traders Protectionist No tariff or low tariff
Do not copy
Tariff Reform
Free Traders
No tariff or low tariff
Supported by farmers
People who thought the treasure had too much money
Protectionist
High tariff
Supported by business owners
Wanted protection for American business