1. * NounsNouns * PronounsPronouns * AdjectivesAdjectives * InterjectionsInterjections * PrepositionsPrepositions * VerbsVerbs * AdverbsAdverbs * ConjunctionsConjunctions

2.  Person, place, thing, or idea  Proper Noun: particular person, place, thing, or idea (capitalized) EX: February, Mr. Jones  Common Noun: everyday names of people, places, things, or ideas EX: month, school, country

3.  Concrete Noun: (most nouns) name things that can be seen, felt, heard, touched, or smelled EX: star, water, flower, basketball  Abstract Noun: name concepts, beliefs, or qualities EX: freedom, capitalism, courage

4.  Compound Noun: consists of more than 1 noun but count as one word EX: Minooka Community High School, Illinois State University  Collective Noun: names of persons, places, or things that are sometimes counted as 1 unit (considered to be singular) are are sometimes counted separately (considered plural) EX: army, herd, pack, family

5.  A word that takes the place of a noun  Personal Pronoun: represent people or things EX: I, me, you, he, him, she, her, it, we, us, they, them  Possessive Pronoun: show ownership EX: mine, yours, hers, his, theirs, ours

6.  Demonstrative Pronoun: demonstrates or points out someone or something EX: this, that, these, those  Relative Pronoun: relates 1 part of the sentence to another EX: who, whom, which, that, whose

7.  Reflexive Pronoun: (sometimes called intensive pronoun) reflects back to someone or something else in the sentence EX: myself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves  DON’T use a reflexive pronoun in a sentence if you haven’t already specified whom or what you’re talking about.

8.  Interrogative Pronoun: asks a question EX: who, whom, which, whose, what  Indefinite Pronoun: (opposite of name) refers to a specific person (group) that has already been mentioned EX: all the “bodies”, all the “things”, all the “ones” EX: each, either, neither = SINGULAR EX: few, both, many, several = PLURAL SAMAN (some, all, most, any, none) Can be both SINULAR OR PLURAL

9.  Word that modifies (describes) a noun or a pronoun EX: The framed picture came crashing off the wall during the earthquake.  Ask these questions to see if it’s an adjective: 1. Which one? 2. What kind? 3. How many?

10.  Definite Article: names someone or something specific EX: the  Indefinite Article: does not name anything specific EX: a, an

11.  Word that can either express surprise or some other kind of emotion. It can also be used as a filler. EX: Hey, like, well, ouch, oh EX: Ouch! Did you step on my toe?= STRONG EMOTION (!) EX: Like, what’s going on?= MILD EMOTION (,)  **Use in moderation, in dialogue, not formal writing.**

12.  PREPOSITION: tells the position of something.  A word that links a noun or pronoun to some other word in a sentence. EX: Jack and Jill went up the hill.  (Up is the preposition connecting went and hill.) EX: Little Jack Horner sat in a corner. EX: Sing a song of sixpence.

13.  To tell if a word is a preposition, ask yourself if it fits in this sentence: It went _________ the thing(s). ACADEMIC RULE: Don’t end a sentence with a preposition.

14. AboutBehindDownOffTo AboveBelowDuringOnToward AcrossBeneathExceptOntoUnder AfterBesideForOutUnderneath AgainstBetweenFromOutsideUntil AlongBeyondInOverUp AmongButInsidePastUpon AroundByIntoSinceWith AtConcerningLikeThroughWithin BeforeDespiteOfThroughoutWithout

15.  A word that expresses action or being.  1. Action verbs are most common. EX: Marilyn jumped for joy when Frank called her. EX: The frog sits on top of the lily pad in the lake.

16.  Transitive Verb: a verb that takes an object (can answer: Whom? or What?) EX: I carried the injured boy to the waiting ambulance.  (I carried whom?) EX: The mailman gave the package to Mrs. Smith.  (The mailman gave what?) Write a sentence with a transitive verb.

17.  Intransitive Verb: a verb that does not have an object (preposition follows verb) EX: Exhausted after a hard day’s work, I sank into the sofa with great delight. EX: Mary looked after the children. Write a sentence with an intransitive verb.

18.  2. Being Verb: expresses “being” AKA linking verbs EX: AM, IS, ARE, WAS, WERE, BE, BEING, BEEN EX: I be sitting on the dock of the bay. Change to: ________________. EX: Yesterday she be listening to music. Change to: ________________.

19.  3. Helping Verb: (auxiliary verb) can join the main verb to express the voice, mood, and tense of the verb. EX: Frankie ______ go to the movies tonight. CanMustWould CouldShallBe MayShouldDo MightWill

20.  1. A word that modifies (describes) a verb, adjective, or other adverb.  ADVERB(AD= Adverb & Adjective; VERB) EX: Yesterday, the quite relieved soldier very quickly ran out of the woods when he saw his comrade frantically waving at him.

21.  Ask these questions to determine if it is an adverb: How? When? Where? Why? Under what circumstances? How much? How often? To what extent?

22.  2. Conjunctive Adverbs: AKA transition words AccordinglyHoweverHenceTherefore AlsoIncidentallyMoreoverThus BesidesIndeedNeverthelessStill ConsequentlyInsteadNextMeanwhile FinallyLikewiseOtherwiseFurthermore

23.  1. Coordinating Conjunction: combines phrases and clauses For And Nor But Or Yet So

24.  2. Correlative Conjunction: CANNOT STAND ALONE! They must have a relative near by! Both/and Either/or Neither/nor Not only/but also Not only/also

25.  3. Subordinating Conjunction: These are used at the beginning of DEPENDENT clauses (words that have a subject & verb but cannot stand alone). EX: after, although, as long as, because, since, that, than, while, whether, etc…