1. Democracy in Antebellum America

2. Learning Objective I can describe the political changes in Antebellum America. Essential Question How can technological and economic innovations change the political and social attitudes of the people?

3. POLITICAL RESPONSES TO ECONOMIC CHANGE (1815-1820)

4. The American System (1815)

5. Bank of the United States (BUS) Lack of national bank during the War of 1812 hurt the economy Internal Improvements Attempts to provide federal funding for infrastructure—roads, canals, etc. Failed to pass as seen as a state and local issue Tariffs Tariff of 1816: protect U.S. manufacturing from British competition Trend towards protectionism in trade More beneficial to northeast (why?)

6. Panic of 1819 Post-war economic expansion swept the country after the War of 1812 ended Credit was easy Over-speculation of frontier lands Inflation Bubble Burst Early in 1819, as European demand for American farm products returned to normal levels BUS forced foreclosure on farms that couldn’t pay back loans Resulted in calls for reform and pressure for increased democracy. Distrust of banks, especially BUS Poor classes looked for more responsive government

7. Quickwrite Take one minute and write down how this information connects to the learning last week.

8. JAMES MONROE (1817-1825) JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1825-1829)

9. James Monroe (1817-1825) Continued Virginia dynasty (4 of first 5 U.S. presidents were Virginian) Death of Federalist party resulted after the election Reasons : Opposition to War of 1812 Sectionalized: Pro New England Jefferson adopted their important ideas—Hamilton’s financial plan, expansion, etc.

10. James Monroe (1817-1825) Monroe Doctrine (1823): No new European influence in Latin America Attempt to prevent further encroachment of Europe in the Americas Written by John Quincy Adams, Sec. of State Immediate impact small—will come up again later!!!

11. APUSH 11/1/12 Please grab a print out of lecture notes.

12. John Quincy Adams Election of 1824: "The Corrupt Bargain" Candidates: Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, William Crawford, and John Quincy Adams Jackson polled the most popular votes but didn't have majority of electoral vote Henry Clay hated Jackson, his major political opponent in the West J. Q. Adams was a nationalist ; supported Clay’s "American System"

13. Early 1825, House of Representatives elected Adams president. Largely due to Clay's influence Jackson lost the election despite having largest % of the vote. Adams announced Clay as secretary of state a few days later Jackson's supporters called the affair the "corrupt bargain" John Quincy Adams Election of 1824

14. Supported the American System and expansive federal power Favored a “loose construction” view on Constitution Constitution is open to interpretation—not exactly as it says Tariff of 1828 (“Tariff of Abominations”) Biggest issue of his presidency Goal was to protect northern industries Directly harmed the South through higher prices on northern goods; indirectly through affecting British ability to import cotton Fueled Southern fear of federal government power John Quincy Adams

15. THE RISE OF MASS POLITICS 1820-1840

16. The “New Democracy” By the 1820s, politicians made an increased effort to appeal to the voting masses, though most offices still held by wealth Change in emphasis: Jeffersonian democracy: the people should be governed as little as possible; Gov’t for the people Jacksonian democracy: government should be done directly by the people.

17. The “New Democracy” New Democracy based on universal white manhood suffrage rather than property qualifications Common man now became more influential Jackson represented first “common man” to become president Voting reform Members of the Electoral College were increasingly chosen directly by the people rather than by state legislatures For the most part, women and African-Americans still considered unqualified to vote.

18. The “New Democracy” Two-party system emerged by 1832 Democrats vs. National Republicans/Whigs Voter turnout rose dramatically 25% of eligible voters in 1824 vs. 78% of eligible voters in 1840 New style of campaigning developed (esp. in 1840 election) Banners, badges, parades, barbecues, free drinks, baby kissing, etc. “Citizen” = Right to Vote

19. Second Party System Whigs Supported by northern industrialists and merchants (wealthiest Americans) Supported Clay’s "American System" Later supported moral reforms: prohibition of alcohol and abolition of slavery Sought to use national gov’t to solve societies problems (over states’ rights issues) Promote welfare of people moral Democrats Organized by Van Buren; Jackson first president Supported by the common people and machine politicians in the East States’ Rights – opposed to "American System" Favored spoils system Anti-monopoly—favored increased competition Believed federal gov’t should not be involved in people’s personal lives opposed

20. To conclude: On your Post-It: What connections do you see between the economic changes last week and these political changes?