1. Chapter 14 Section 2 Social Crises, War, and Revolution

2. Learning Objectives The students will be able to:
List the causes and results of the Thirty Years War
Identify the causes and evaluate the effects of the English Revolution including examples of political, economic, and social oppression and violation of human rights
Summarize the ideas from the English Revolution concerning separation of power, liberty, and equality.

3. Economic and Social Crises
Inflation
Economic slowdown
Population decline

4. Witchcraft Trials Inquisition extended into concern about witchcraft
More than 100 thousand charged – mostly single or widowed women over 50

5. Thirty Years' War Called “the last of the religious wars”
Began as a struggle between Catholic forces and Protestant nobles
Most destructive conflict Europe experienced thus far
ALL major European powers except England become involved in this conflict.

6. Most battles fought on German soil Germany crushed - 4 million died

7. Peace of Westphalia 1648 Officially ended the war
Stated all German states could determine their own religion

8. Results of The Thirty Years War:
Ended the idea of a Catholic empire
made birth of modern states possible

9. Effects of Thirty Years’ War
Germany was plundered and destroyed
More than 300 states of the Holy Roman Empire were recognized as independent
Germany would not be reunited again until 200 years later.

10. English Constitutional Monarchy
Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S Chappaqua, NY
Provided information for this powerpoint.
Carol Rioux
Kingwood High School
Kingwood Texas

11. 1603 Elizabeth I Dies

12. The Stuart Monarchy

13. James I [r. 1603-1625] A staunch advocate of divine right of kings.
Wrote Trew Law of Free Monarchy – suggested that king only had to answer to God and was not bound by old policies or agreements.

14. King James Bible, 1611

15. Charles I [r ]

16. “The Stuart Magna Carta”
The Petition of Right, 1628
According to the Petition, the monarchy could not:
imprison subjects without due cause.
force loans or levy taxes without the consent of Parliament.
house soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent.
impose martial law in peacetime.
“The Stuart Magna Carta”

17. Revolution in England
Struggle between the king and parliament in determining what role each should play in governing England

18. Royalists (Cavaliers) Parliamentarians (Roundheads)
Civil War ( )
Royalists (Cavaliers)
Parliamentarians (Roundheads)
House of Lords
Aristocracy
Large landowners
Church officials
More rural, less prosperous
Anyone who disagreed with Puritans on political or religious issues
House of Commons
Puritans
Merchants
Townspeople
More urban , more prosperous
Anyone who believed the powers of the king should be curbed

19. Oliver Cromwell [1599-1658] The “Interregnum” Period [1649-1660]

20. New Model Army Made up of extreme Puritans called Independents
Believed were doing battle for God
Well disciplined & trained

21. “Rump Parliament”
Cromwell purged Parliament of anyone who did not support him

22. The Beheading of Charles I January 30, 1649

23. Cromwell Declares England a commonwealth (republic)
Establishes a military dictatorship
Disperses the Rump Parliament

24. The Restoration 1660
After death of Cromwell, Parliament asks Charles II to return to Monarchy
Parliament restored the Church of England and limited the rights of Catholics & Puritans

25. King Charles II [r. 1660-1685] “The Merry Monarch”
Had charm, poise, & political skills
Restored the theaters and reopened the pubs and brothels closed during Cromwell’s reign
Favored religious toleration
sympathized with Catholics
Realized that he could not repeat the mistakes his father had made
When had a conflict with Parliament, gave in

26. Test Act Charles favored religious toleration
Protestants feared he would appoint Catholics to public office so passed the Test Act
1673  Test Act
Required all government officials to attend Anglican services

27. King James II [r ]
Was a bigoted convert to Catholicism without any of Charles II’s shrewdness or ability to compromise.
Ignored the Test Act & appointed Catholics to office
Provoked the revolution that Charles II had succeeded in avoiding

28. The “Glorious” Revolution
Parliament offered the throne jointly to James II’s daughter Mary [raised a Protestant] & her husband, William of Orange
James fled to France
No bloodshed = “glorious”
Destroyed the divine-right theory of kingship

29. Glorious Revolution Brought William and Mary to the throne
Had to support a Parliament
Was a bloodless revolution
Had to sign the Bill of Rights

30. English Bill of Rights [1689]
It settled all of the major issues between King & Parliament.
It served as a model for the U. S. Bill of Rights.
It also formed a base for the steady expansion of civil liberties in the 18c and early 19c in England.

31. English Bill of Rights [1689]
Main provisions:
The King could not suspend the operation of laws.
The King could not interfere with the ordinary course of justice.
No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime without Parliament’s consent.
Freedom of speech in Parliament.
Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently.
Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment.
The monarch must be a Protestant.
Freedom from arbitrary arrest.
Censorship of the press was dropped.
Religious toleration of all Protestants; Catholics still penalized

32. English Bill of Rights Foundation for a constitutional monarchy
It did not create a democracy in England. Only those who had wealth, land and property could vote and sit in Parliament.
Power was transfer from monarch to aristocratic dominated Parliament.

33. Toleration Act of 1689
Granted all Protestants freedom of worship, but not Catholics

34. Habeas Corpus Act (1697) Safeguard against absolute rule
Any unjustly imprisoned person could obtain a writ of habeas corpus compelling the government to explain why he had lost his liberty