1. Lecture 2 The Political System in the United States 13 States in the new nation: In the Northeast Massachusetts Massachusetts Connecticut Connecticut Rhode Island Rhode Island New Hampshire New Hampshire

4. Lecture 2 The Political System in the United States Mid- Atlantic Maryland Maryland Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Delaware Delaware New York New York New Jersey New Jersey

5. Lecture 2 The Political System in the United States South Virginia Virginia North Carolina North Carolina South Carolina South Carolina Georgia Georgia

6. Lecture 2 The Political System in the United States 建国初期的 13 个州 建国初期的 13 个州 马萨诸塞 马里兰 弗吉尼亚 马萨诸塞 马里兰 弗吉尼亚 康涅狄格 宾西法尼亚 北卡罗来纳 康涅狄格 宾西法尼亚 北卡罗来纳 罗德岛 特拉华 南卡罗来纳 罗德岛 特拉华 南卡罗来纳 新罕布什尔 纽约 佐治亚 新罕布什尔 纽约 佐治亚

7. Lecture 2 The Political System in the United States I Articles of Confederation ( 联邦条款） and Constitution （宪法） 1. Why the Articles of Confederation was needed?  the situation when the war of Independence was over

8. Lecture 2 The Political System in the United States 1) It was not one unified nation. 2) Each state made its own laws and handled all of its internal affairs. 3) The Congress had little power. 2. What was it supposed to do? P 21

9. Lecture 2 The Political System in the United States 3. Why did it (AC) fail? -- The states did not cooperate. -- The states did not cooperate. -- It could not pay debts nor could it tax any citizen. -- It could not pay debts nor could it tax any citizen. 4. The Constitutional Convention( 制宪会议） May 1787, Philadelphia

10. Lecture 2 The Political System in the United States -- To discuss to strengthen the AC. -- Rhode Island did not participate. -- The Constitution was made, setting up a federal system with a strong central government. 3 branches: the executive 行政 the legislative 立法 the legislative 立法 the judicial 司法 the judicial 司法

11. Lecture 2 The Political System in the United States 5. Bill of Rights ( 权利法案） added to the Constitution in 1791 --10 amendments guaranteeing the freedoms or the basic rights and privileges of citizens P58 6. Amendments to the Constitution as of( 截止） 1991 P59

12. Lecture 2 The Political System in the United States II Legislative Branch ( 立法机构） --Congress ( 国会 ) 1. Functions of the legislative 2. Congress: the House of Representatives 众议 2 years the House of Representatives 众议 2 years the Senate 参议院 6 years the Senate 参议院 6 years

13. Lecture 2 The Political System in the United States 3. The main duty of the Congress — to make laws  bill/ proposal 提议 / 案  lobby 院外游说团 4. How can a bill become a law? a bill the Congress the president a bill the Congress the president

14. Lecture 2 The Political System in the United States III Executive Branch – President III Executive Branch – President 1. 4-year term 2. The power of the president P 56 3. The cabinet ( 内阁 ) – P57

15. Lecture 2 The Political System in the United States 13 main government departments: State, Treasury, Defense, State, Treasury, Defense, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Transportation, Energy, Education Transportation, Energy, Education Commerce, Labor Commerce, Labor Health and Human Services, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Housing and Urban Development,

16. Lecture 2 The Political System in the United States Judicial Branch – the Supreme Court ( 最高法院 ) Judicial Branch – the Supreme Court ( 最高法院 )  the Supreme Court : 1 chief justice 8 associate justices 8 associate justices  most important function – determining whether the congressional legislation or executive action violates the Constitution

17. Lecture 2 The Political System in the United States V Checks and Balance 制约与平衡 P 58 V Checks and Balance 制约与平衡 P 58 VI Political Parties VI Political Parties  2 major political party the Democratic Party ( donkey) the Democratic Party ( donkey) (more liberal ) (more liberal ) the Republican Party ( elephant) the Republican Party ( elephant) (more conservative) (more conservative)

18. Lecture 2 The Political System in the United States Summary Summary Question :What do you know about American political system? Question :What do you know about American political system?