1. Bellwork (back of books)
If urbanisation is the answer what is the question? (List two questions that it could be the answer for)
If rural is the answer what is the question? (List three questions)
If shanty town is the answer what is the question? (List two questions)
If migration is the answer what is the question? (List two questions)

2. Counterurbanisation Key Questions: What is counterurbanisation?
Why has it happened?
What are the results?
Learning Objectives:
Explain the term counterurbanisation
Classify c-urb cause and effect

3. Altofts, Allerton Bywater, Ackworth, Methley or Kippax
Homelearning
Use the VLE to look at this powerpoint and read the St Ives casestudy
Follow this structure to develop your own casestudy on either:
Altofts, Allerton Bywater, Ackworth, Methley or Kippax
Each of these have developed as a result of counter urbanisation

4. What is…

5. What is it ?
The process of people moving away from urban areas to smaller settlements and rural areas.
Leads to the growth of rural areas beyond the city.
The boundary between rural and urban becomes less obvious as more people become involved in counter urbanisation.
Depopulation of major urban areas to small areas.

6. Definition The movement of people to rural areas from urban areas
Leaving the cities and moving to smaller towns and villages
PLUS - Wider World pg 26
2 Trends
Move of employment to rural areas
Move of people who commute to towns

7. Which do you think is the biggest trend and why…
Thinking skills
THINK PAIR SHARE
Question:
Which do you think is the biggest trend and why…
Move of employment to rural areas OR
Move of people who commute to towns

8. Share!

9. Images to reflect 1

10. Questions to discuss (2mins)
Why are so many of us leaving the city for the country?
Where would you live if you had the choice? e.g. big city, small town, village
What if you had a family?

11. When?

12. Time Counter urbanisation began in the UK in the 1960s
It had been happening before this but this was a time where many more began to move
By 1990 a net movement
of 1,700 people were leaving
for rural areas from the cities

13. Who?

14. Who? Affluent Mobile Families with children
Write brief suggestions as to why each of these three groups would move out of cities… (5 minutes)

15. Why?

16. Why? As before… PUSH and PULL factors
In this case RURAL PULL and URBAN PUSH
These can be classified two ways…
Firstly by push and pull
Video clip!

17. Push or Pull? Traffic congestion Pollution Retirement Fear of crime
Rural idyll
New/modern houses
Overcrowding
Expensive repairs to old houses
Unemployment
Work flexibility
Derelict shops
Room for expansion
Know your neighbours
Push: high housing density in cities; pollution levels; crime levels; intensity of city;
Pull: community spirit; retirement home; technology to work from home; scenically attractive; traditional features; essential services.

18. Bellwork (back of books)
Explain the difference between urbanisation and counter urbanisation
What changes to ‘rural’ areas does counter urbanisation have?
How might this ‘mess up’ the settlement hierarchy?

19. Counterurbanisation Key Questions: What is counterurbanisation?
Why has it happened?
What are the results?
Learning Objectives:
Explain the term counterurbanisation
Classify c-urb cause and effect

20. Altofts, Allerton Bywater, Ackworth, Methley or Kippax
Homelearning
Use the VLE to look at this powerpoint and read the St Ives casestudy
Follow this structure to develop your own casestudy on either:
Altofts, Allerton Bywater, Ackworth, Methley or Kippax
Each of these have developed as a result of counter urbanisation

21. Why? Economic Social Environmental
Secondly by ECONOMIC, SOCIAL and ENVIRONMENTAL reasons
Simplify the statements on the next slides and place them in the correct place on your Venn diagram!
Economic
Social
Environmental

22. Why?
1. Environmental and social problems with inner cities pushed people away from urban areas.
At the same time, more rural areas were seen as peaceful, unpolluted, offering greater space and the community spirit that was lacking in inner city areas
2. The growing popularity of the 'out-of-town' industrial and businesses parks as location for employment as industry also became unsatisfied with inner city areas

23. Why?
3. Improvements in rural transport infrastructures and increased car ownership allowed a greater freedom of choice when choosing where to live
4. The growth in Information Communication Technology ( , Fax, Video-conferencing) has allowed further freedom as people can work from home and are not so tied to urban areas

24. Why?
5. For social reasons, as people re-acquaint with family or friends, retire to a quiet place, believe the countryside to be more suitable for families or decide the climate/environment is better for their health

25. Impacts

26. Impacts
House prices can be pushed up as migrants sell expensive city properties and earn higher city wages. This can force young people to leave the village because they cannot afford a house
Public transport goes into decline because the new residents are car owners. This can be a major problem for village residents without their own transport, particularly the elderly. This problem is compounded by…

27. Impacts
Traditional rural services start to close as the new population will be reliant on the services of the urban environment such as the supermarket. The closures of village stores and post offices have caused major problems in many rural areas.
Those shops and services that survive often find that they have to change to meet the needs of the new population. So the pub becomes a restaurant, the blacksmith now makes garden furniture and the butcher a delicatessen.

28. Impacts
As a large percentage of the migrants will be commuting to work traffic congestion increases. The problem is accentuated by the fact that they will be driving on narrow country roads.
Increase car pollution and accidents
Change community spirit and traditional values
Increase population

29. Impacts
Improvements in local services - gas mains, TV and` cable, local schools
Support for a selection of local facilities - generally public houses and local builders (WHY?)

30. Effects on the Inner City
The people who leave the inner city tend to be qualified and skilled.
They are usually home owners
This leaves behind an untrained workforce.
People left behind are usually working class, semi skilled.
Population decline means that the city looses out on local taxation revenue e.g. council tax.
This means less funds for the key facilities decrease.

31. Not for everyone?

32. Moving back Some find rural life is not for them
WHO? Young couples, older people
WHY? Range of services, commuting, entertainment
WHERE TO? Apartments (secure), town houses

33. Plenary cube Using the random names I’ll throw the cube
The sticks decide who answers the questions on today’s learning

34. Case Study : St Ives Cambridge
Location:
65m North of London
Lies on the A1123 just of the A14 which links St Ives with Cambridge and provides access to the A1 which is a road straight into London.
Regular trains make the access to the cities of Cambridge and London very easy.

35. High car ownership within the village.
What has attracted people to St Ives ?
Housing in the area is affordable
Journey times are much quick as a result of the new railway lines which have electrified.
High car ownership within the village.

36. Evidence of change The Effects on St Ives
The population structures of the town are changing from a once ageing village to a number of young people in the area.
A large proportion of the people are working outside of the town
25% of St Ives population commute to London every day.
The Effects on St Ives
There have been a considerable number of new housing developments around the periphery of St Ives.
There has been an increase in new exclusive apartments in and around the town and particularly along the river Ouse.
People in St Ives have a higher income compared to the rest of the UK with higher incomes they can afford the higher travel costs to London, which may be for petrol or train fares.

37. The increased use of St Ives Railway Station
Increasing demand for riverside apartments as a result of a large percentage of people wanting to retire to St Ives
There is an increasing proportion of people who can afford the rising cost of property (commuters) and the people who work on the farms, part time wages or training schemes.
There is some resistance to the building of more homes from the local residents, but many of these do not want their newly chosen environment changed.
The increased use of St Ives Railway Station

38. The double in value of the property in the area.
The increase in construction of council housing in the area.
The increase rate at which farm building conversions are taking place.
Farm buildings are being turned into luxury property around St Ives
Current Policy in ST Ives : Any further developments must make a positive contribution to the overall character of the area.

39. Outer suburbs

40. rural-urban fringe

41. urbanisation

42. CBD

43. Urban

44. hierarchy

45. Counter-urbanisation

46. rural