1. Sexual Reproduction
Chapter 38

2. I1.Sexual/Asexual Reproduction
Exact copy
Mitosis
One parent
Constant conditions
Sexual
Genetic variety
Meiosis = eggs & sperm
Two parents
Changing conditions

3. Asexual examples: Hydra
Regen-eration
Of cut pieces
Budding
of polyps

4. Amoeba asexual division
2nd amoeba
Nucleus

5. Asexual Reproduction:
Runners in strawberries
Spores in Puffball Mushrooms

6. Sexual Reproduction

7. “Joey” develops in a Pouch

8. Flowering Plants Sexual Reproduction
Dry Pollen
For sperm

9. Ferns Sexual & Asexual Reproduction

10. Comparison of Egg & Sperm
Round
Floats
Food reserves
One
Ovaries
1N haploid
Sperm
Oval
Flagella
No food reserves
Many secrete enzyme to penetrate egg membrane
Testicles
1N haploid

11. Sperm 1/600th inch Survives in Temperature of 93o – 97o 3 Parts:
Head or Cap – holds Genetic Information of Father
Body – filled with mitochondria & supplies energy
Tail – flagellum to propel and move
200 million sperm made every 24 hours
750 feet of twisted tubules which contain specialized cells that each care for about 150 sperm
Testosterone & Estrogen made exactly balanced to develop specific sexual characteristics

12. February 23, 2010 Draw a sperm and label its parts Review Vocab #2
Notes 38.1
Inside Story page 1033

13. Meiosis in the Gonads
Sperm
Meiotic cell
division
Egg

14. Gonads make gametes!
Testes
make
sperm

15. Male Reproduction
Scrotum – sac surrounding testes that maintain temperature – muscles contract/relax
Temperature must be 3o below body for sperm
Testes – produces sperm cells haploid (1n) produce 4
Sperm – male gamete
Enzymes in cap or head allow sperm to penetrate egg
Nucleus contains genetic material
Mitochondria – lots for energy to move
Flagellum – for movement

16. Semen - fluid Epidiymis – stores sperm from testes until mature
Vas Deferens – duct that carries sperm to ejaculatory glands and urethra
Semen - fluid
Seminal Vesicles - at base of bladder that secretes mucous like fluid to increase fructose energy
Prostate glands – underneath bladder secretes alkaline fluid to help sperm survive & move
Bulburethral Glands – secrete clear sticky alkaline fluid protecting sperm by neutralizing acidic environment of vagina

17. Uretha – tube running from the bladder that carries urine out through the penis.
Semen enters the urethra after a muscle closes it off from the bladder.
Semen is ejaculated through this tube that runs the length of the penis.

18. Chromosomes
Sex Chromosome Y determines a Male

19. February 24, 2010
List the hormones and their actions for the male and female reproductive system.
Trace the pathway of sperm from the testes
Notes cont….

20. Reproduction Hormones - Puberty
Produced by
Function
Testosterone
Testicles
Male sex traits
FSH
Pituitary
Stimulates LH LH
Release of egg
Estrogen
Ovaries
Female sex traits
Progesterone
Corpus luteum
Maintains Uterus lining

21. Gonads make gametes!
Ovaries
make
eggs

22. Female Reproductive System
Ovary – size of an almond, where eggs are produced approximately 400/life
Egg production is before birth, goes through meiosis – prophase 1 then rests till sexual maturity
Oviduct – tube that transports the egg to the uterus, fertilization occurs here
Ovulation – oocytes finish meiosis the egg ruptures the ovary & released into oviduct (1n) 1 egg, 3 polar bodies dissolve
Fertilized egg remains in oviduct for 7 days then divides and embeds in the lining of uterus–9 months

23. Unfertilized - the egg and lining of the uterus will shed called the…
Phases of Menstrual Cycle:
1. Flow Phase - Discard of egg & uterine lining – lasts approximately 5 days
2. Follicular Phase – FSH increases & another follicle goes through meiosis II, lasts from day 6-14, LH released & Ovulation occurs around day 14 by rupturing ovary
3. Luteal phase – days the corpus luteum releases progesterone & some estrogen to increase blood supply (lipids) preparing for pregnancy by thickening the endometrium lining of the uterus

24. February 25
Draw the negative feedback cycle… Then describe it in words.
PS Lab 38.1
Finish up Notes

25. Negative Feedback Cycle

26. Menstrual Cycle

27. Tracking Hormone Levels
Day 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 LH 17 46 35 19 13
FSH 15 7
Estrogen 5 9 11
Progesterone 1 3
Make a graph showing the changes in amounts of LH & FSH throughout the menstrual cycle. Use 2 different colors & label please.
Make another graph showing the levels of estrogen and progesterone.

28. Tracking Hormone Levels (cont)
Analysis:
1. Describe the pattern of each hormone.
2. Indicate with a dashed line how progesterone level would look if pregnancy occurred.

29. Tubal ligation