1. Review for CBA #1
Biology

2. Symbiosis
List and describe the various interactions between organisms.
Mutualism- both organisms benefit
Commensalism- one benefits, the other is not harmed nor benefitted
Parasitism- one benefits, the other is harmed
Predation- one hunts, the other is hunted

3. Levels of Organization
List the levels of organization from smallest to largest starting with cells.
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organisms

4. Energy Flow
What is the difference between a food web, food chain and an energy pyramid?
Food chain- shows the path energy takes as is moves from one organism to the next
Food web- shows the path energy takes as it moves through out an ecosystem (interconnected food chains)
Energy Pyramid – shows the amount of energy that is available to be transferred within a food chain

5. Energy Flow Describe the various ways organisms can obtain energy.
Producers- use the energy from the sun (or chemicals)
Consumers – use energy obtained from other organisms
Decomposers – break down materials from living things to obtain energy

6. Herbivores- obtain energy from plants
Carnivores- obtain energy from other animals
Omnivores - obtain energy from both plants and animals
Detritivores- obtain energy from “trash”

7. Carrying Capacity/Limiting Factors
What is the carrying capacity?
The number of organisms within a population that an ecosystem can sustain
What is a limiting factor?
Any factor in the environment that can keep a population to a specific number of organisms (food, shelter, water etc.)

8. Cycles of Matter
How is the movement of matter in an ecosystem different than the movement of energy?
Matter is recycled, energy moves in 1 direction
What can happen to a pond or lake if additional nitrogen is added by fertilizer run off?
It could cause an algae bloom which would decrease the amount of oxygen available to the fish and cause a “fish kill”

9. What organism is responsible for nitrogen fixation?
Bacteria
What are some consequences of increasing greenhouse gases?
Increase in global temperatures, climate changes,
decrease in populations and biodiversity

10. Adaptations to the Environment
What type of adaptations would organisms in each environment have?
Desert – plants would have modifies leaves (thorns) and roots that are long (taproots) in order to reach water; animals have adaptations to conserve water and behaviors to stay out of the heat of the day
Tundra – animals have layers of fat/blubber to act as insulation; plants have short leaves and quit growing during the winter due to decreased sunlight

11. Marine/Aquatic- animals have gills to obtain oxygen or blowholes on top of the head to breathe at the surface and streamlined bodies to move easily through the water; plants have ways of holding fresh water in their tissues

12. We can infer that if organisms have similar adaptations, they must come from…
Similar environments
If the characteristics of a population changes, we can infer the _________ also changed
Environment

13. Ecological Succession
What is ecological succession?
the gradual and orderly process of change in an ecosystem brought about by the progressive replacement of one community by another until a stable climax is established

14. What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?
Primary begins with bare rock, like after a volcanic eruption
Secondary begins with soil, like after a flood, fire or human disruption

15. Biomolecules What are the 4 types of biomolecules? Proteins Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids

16. How are the structures of proteins and carbohydrates similar?
Both are made by the polymerization of smaller units
Which biomolecules are used for energy?
Carbohydrates – immediate use
Lipids – long terms source

17. What are enzymes?
Proteins that are catalysts that speed up chemical reactions
What are nucleotides?
Structural units of DNA and RNA
What part of an amino acid distinguishes them from each other? Look on page 47, Figure 2-16!!!
The “R” group

18. STUDY ALL OF YOUR NOTES!