1. EARLY BRITISH COLONIES – Virginia
Beginning in the early 1600s, the English established colonies along the eastern coast of North America
1607: Jamestown was first successful colony to be settled in North America
John Smith led this group of settlers
Colony struggled at first, then was saved by Tobacco crop- John Rolfe “Father of Tobacco”

2. EARLY BRITISH COLONIES – Virginia
The first colonial legislature (government), the House of Burgesses, was established in Only rich land owing white males could be a member of this body.
First Africans brought in 1619 as indentured servants
The headright system gave 50 acres of land to those who paid for themselves or others to come to America
Powhatans help colonies survive but later attack when colonists continue to come.

3. Native Americans and Colonist
War breaks out on the frontier
Governor at Jamestown refuses to send troops or help the frontier
Bacon’s Rebellion - Nathaniel Bacon starts and army and attacks Jamestown
Bacon’s Rebellion revealed the class struggle within the colony between wealthy landowners and poor settlers on the frontier

4. PURITANS CREATE A “NEW ENGLAND”
The 16th century Reformation caused a split in the Christian Church; Catholics and Protestants
One extreme group of Protestant reformers – the Puritans sought to cleanse or “purify” their religion of all traces of Catholicism
PURITAN, OR “PILGRIM”

5. Massachusetts Bay Colony
Puritans, Pilgrims, in the New World
This colony set up a local government in which the right to vote was given to every adult male who belong to the Puritan church.

6. Puritan Solutions: Half-Way Covenant
The Half-Way Covenant was developed to stop the decline in church membership.
It granted partial membership to the children and grandchildren of
original puritans.
These “half-way members” were allowed to vote in the church and this paved the way for voting in society as well.

7. COLONISTS MEET RESISTANCE
New England Colonists (Puritans) soon conflicted with the Native Americans over land & religion
King Philip’s War was fought in 1675 between the Natives and Puritans. Metacom whom the English called King Philip attacked the settlers.
Ended a year later with many dead and the Natives retreating.

8. Roger Williams and Rhode Island
Puritans also faced resistance within to their intolerance of other religious ideas.
“Forced religion sinks in the nostrils of God”, believed in separation of church and state, and religious freedom
Roger Williams was arrested for “heresy”. Roger Williams escaped and consequently founded the Providence Colony (Rhode Island).
Roger Williams expressed two controversial ideas: First, he declared that the English settlers had no rightful claim to the land unless they purchased it from the Native Americans. Second, Williams declared that government officials had no business punishing settlers for their religious beliefs.

9. Ann Hutchinson
Ann Hutchinson taught Bible reading in her home. She taught that the true believer could interpret the Bible with out a minister. She and her family were banished.

10. Salem Witch Trials
A group of teenage girls caused great hysteria and the deaths of over 20 people who were accused of being witches.
During the fall of 1692 the trials lasted until the governor of Massachusetts put an end to the trials.

11. SETTLING THE MIDDLE COLONIES
Dominated by Dutch and Quaker settlers, the Middle Colonies were founded in the mid-1600s
William Penn led Quakers as they colonized Pennsylvania and Delaware

12. THE COLONIES COME OF AGE – SECTION 4
New England, Middle Colonies, and the South – all developed distinct economies and societies
In the South, rural Plantations with a single cash crop were common
Small Southern farmers (Germans, Scots, Irish) and African slaves made up the majority of people
Southern Plantation

13. ENGLAND’S COLONIES PROSPER
Throughout the 1600s and 1700s, more British Colonies were established
By 1752, the English Crown had assumed more & more responsibility for the 13 colonies making the Royal Colonies as opposed to joint-stock.
Mercantilism & Navigation Acts were two such ways the English government controlled the colonies.
King George III

14. NAVIGATION ACTS
1651- England’s Parliament passed a series of laws known as the Navigation Acts
These laws restricted the colonies shipping & trade
Ships, destinations, crews, goods: All strictly regulated by the English
The colonies were developing a spirit of self-determination. Therefore, they were NOT happy with these restrictions

15. MERCANTILISM: AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN WHICH NATIONS SEEK TO INCREASE THEIR WEALTH BY OBTAINING GOLD & SILVER AND WITH A FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE FOR THE COLONIZER
that the English government controlled the colonies
MERCANTILISM

16. Economics of Colonization: Mercantilism
Colonizing Countries (ex. Britain) want to export more than they import =more wealth
Mercantilism creates an unfair balance of trade, which benefits the colonizing country but DOES NOT benefit the colony (ex. 13 American Colony) 
Raw Goods provided
Colony
(ex. 13 American Colonies)
Colonizing Country
(ex. Britain)
Goods manufactured

17. THE MIDDLE PASSAGE
During the 17th century, Africans (future slaves) endured a transatlantic crossing from Africa to the North American Colonies called the Middle Passage
Cruelty characterized the months long journey – up to 20% died on route

19. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR/ Seven Years War
French and Indian War: Competition in North America led to a war ( ) between old rivals France and England
The French in North America were tradesmen (furs) not long-term inhabitants
Ohio River valley was the site of the conflict
The Colonists supported the British while the Natives supported the French

20. BRITAIN DEFEATS AN OLD ENEMY
While the French had early victories, the British led by William Pitt and George Washington eventually defeated the French
Treaty of Paris ends the war in 1763
Brits claim most of North America including Florida (from French ally Spain) & Canada
Native Americans also realized a French loss was a Native American loss
WILLIAM PITT ON A COIN

22. PROCLAMATION LINE OF 1763
Proclamation Line of 1763: To avoid further costly conflicts with Native Americans, the British government prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mtns.
The Proclamation established a line along the Appalachians that colonists could not cross (They did anyway)

23. THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE GREAT AWAKENING
The Enlightenment 1700s: An INTELLECTUAL movement began in Europe and the Colonies
The Enlightenment emphasized reason, science, and observation and led to the discovery of natural laws
Copernicus, Galileo, Franklin and Newton were key figures

24. RELIGIOUS REVIVAL: THE GREAT AWAKENING
The Great Awakening (mid 1700s): A series of religious revivals aimed to restore devotion & piety, swept through the colonies
Jonathan Edwards was a Puritan priest from New England who was key person in the movement
Fire & Brimstone style of worship; large, emotionally charged crowds
Like the Enlightenment the movement stressed the importance of the INDIVIDUAL