1. English Language Arts Level 7 #3

2. Today’s Objectives Prefixes Parts of Speech – The Adjective and the Pronoun - Sentence Building Idiom of the Day

3. Three New Prefixes Our new prefixes for today are; “ Mis -” (wrong, bad) “ Post -” (after) “ Pre -” (before)

4. The Prefix Mis- ” “ Mis -” at the beginning of a word means wrong, wrongly, bad, badly. Mis treat: to treat wrongly or badly; Mis understand: to understand wrongly; Mis place: to place something wrongly; Mis spell to spell a word wrongly.

5. Using words that begin with the prefix “ Mis-” It is not good to mis treat your pet. I must have mis placed the envelope, because I can’t find it. Sometimes the word their is mis spelled as the word there.

6. The Prefix “ Post-” ” Post-” at the beginning of a word means, after. Post date: a date after the current date Post war: after a war Post natal: after a birth. Post operative: after an operation

7. Words that begin with the Prefix “Post-” I will write the check today, but I will post date it for next week. The two countries entered into post war negotiations. After surgery, patients receive post operative instructions.

8. The Prefix “ Pre -” Pre - at the beginning of a word means “before” Pre fix: to place in front of Pre dict: to tell before it happens Pre view: to view before Pre historic: before history was written Pre natal: before birth

9. Word Usage “ Pre- ” A pre fix comes at the beginning of a word. There is no way to pre dict the future. We saw a pre view of the movie before it was released. Dinosaurs lived during pre historic times.

10. Assignment Using the internet or a dictionary find three new words that begin with “mis-”; three new words that begin with “post-”; and three new words that begin with “pre-”.

11. Assignment Prefixes “mis-” “post-” and “pre-” Write one sentence each for a word that begins with “mis-,” a word that begins with “post-,” and a word that begins with “pre-.”

12. Break

13. Part 2 – Grammar: Parts of Speech The Adjective

14. Adjectives Adjectives are words that describe. As discussed in a previous lesson, an adjective modifies (describes) a noun. An adjective tells “what kind of,” “how much,” how many, which, etc. The Articles — a, an, and the — are adjectives.

15. Diagramming Adjectives In a previous lesson, you were asked to add an additional adjective to your diagram to give more information about the subject and object nouns. Take out your diagrammed sentences.

16. Add a New Adjective 1. The boy wrote a story. boywrotestory 2. The mother made cookies. mother made cookies adjective Verb adjective Verb adjective

17. Assignment Add another adjective to your diagrammed sentences. Example: The handsome, smart boy wrote a scary, Halloween story. Diagram to show the adjectives.

18. Example Answer 1. boywrotestory Add an additional adjective to the following diagrams: T he handsome a scary Halloween smart

19. The mother made cookies. The happy, pleasant mother made delicious chocolate chip cookies. mother madecookies The happy pleasant delicious chocolate chip

20. Add Modifiers (Adjectives) 3. The girl likes candy. girllikescandy 4. The car made a noise. carmade noise adjective Verb adjective Verb adjective

21. 3. The pretty, Indian girl likes sweet, peppermint candy. girllikescandy pretty The Indian sweet peppermint

22. 4. The expensive, new car made a loud, grinding noise. carmade noise The expensive new a loud grinding

23. Did You Notice? We added additional adjectives to our basic sentences to enhance the information.

24. Adjective Rules Adjectives can come before nouns: a new car Adjectives can come after verbs such as be, become, seem, and look: That car looks fast.

25. Adjective Rules Adjectives can be modified by adverbs : a very expensive car Adjectives can be used as complements to a noun : the extras make the car expensive

26. Types of Adjectives Comparative Adjectives Superlative Adjectives Demonstrative Adjectives Possessive Adjectives Predicate Adjectives

27. Comparative Adjectives The Comparative adjective or adverb is the form used to compare two things. To create a comparative adjective, remember to add “ -er” to the end of a short adjective or more, before longer adjectives.

28. Comparative Examples Tom’s coat is new er than Bill’s. (Two things are being compared. With the shorter word “new,” add “ -er.” Many students find writing more difficult than reading. With longer word, “Difficult” add “ more.”

29. Superlative Adjectives Three or more things must be compared to use the superlative form. It takes the definite article (the). Add “-est” to short adjectives. Use “most” with longer adjectives.

30. Superlative Examples High, Higher, High est Long, Longer, Long est Difficult, More Difficult, Most Difficult Expensive, More Expensive, Most Expensive

31. Superlative Usage Examples Mount Everest is the high est mountain in the world. (Three or more things are being compared.) It is the most expensive restaurant I've ever been to. (Use “most” with longer adjectives.)

32. Demonstrative Adjectives This, That, These, Those A demonstrative adjective indicates whether something is near or far from the speaker or writer and also shows singular or plural. The words above are also used as pronouns.

33. Demonstrative Adjectives Demonstrative adjectives modify or describe nouns. This book (singular, near) That book (singular, distant) These books (plural, near) Those books (plural, distant)

34. Demonstrative Adjectives Could you pass me those leaflets? (adjective) Give me that. (pronoun) (“ Those ” describes leaflets which makes it an adjective. “ That ” does not describe, therefore, “ that ” is a pronoun.)

35. Possessive Adjectives Possessive adjectives are also called possessive pronouns that are used to describe. They are placed in the modifier (adjective) position in the diagram.

36. Possessive Adjectives My, your, his, her, its, our, and their are possessive adjectives, used with nouns to show possession or ownership. That is my folder. ( My is an adjective which shows that I am the owner of the folder.)

37. Diagram the Possessive Form My coat is in the closet. coatis Notice that “my” is in the adjective (modifier) position. My closet the in

38. Predicate Adjectives The following are Linking Verbs that can be used to connect the subject to an adjective and are, therefore called predicate adjectives. Be ; Look ; Feel ; Taste ; Smell ; Sound ; Seem ; Appear ; Get ; Become ; Grow ; Stay ; Keep ; Turn ; Prove ; Go ; Remain ; Resemble ; Run

39. Predicate Adjective An adjective that comes after a linking verb, but describes the noun That food smells nice. (“Smells,” is a linking verb, that connects the subject (food) to the adjective nice.)

40. Predicate Adjective Example Diagram That food smells nice. food smells nice That

41. Grammar: Parts of Speech Pronouns And Sentence Building

42. The Pronoun A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. It can be used in one of three places on the diagram, the Subject, Object, or Possessive cases. Pronouns can also be used as adjectives.

43. Types of Pronouns Personal Pronoun - I, you, he, she, it, etc.. Possessive Pronoun - mine, yours, his, theirs, ours, etc.. Reflexive Pronoun - myself, yourself, herself, himself, etc..

44. Types of Pronouns Demonstrative Pronoun - this, that, these, those Interrogative Pronoun - who, what, etc.. Relative Pronoun - who, whose, which, that, etc..

45. Personal Pronouns These pronouns take the place of common and proper nouns: He, She, You, We, They and It take the place of nouns in the sentence.

46. Personal Pronouns Personal pronouns stand in place of the names of people or things: I, you, he, she, it, we, they, etc. Let’s look at our diagrammed sentences: The boy wrote a story.

47. Using the Personal Pronoun The pronoun “he” takes the place of “boy.” boywrotestory he wrotestory Subject

48. Using the Personal Pronoun The princess wore a hat. The pronoun “she” takes the place of “princess.” princess worehat she worehat Subject

49. Using the Personal Pronoun The car made a noise. The pronoun “it” takes the place of “car.” car madenoise it madenoise Subject

50. Assignment Change the following subjects of the sentences from nouns to pronouns, and show the change in a diagram. The bees made honey. The mother made cookies.

51. Answers The pronoun “they” takes the place of “bees.” bees madehoney They madehoney Subject

52. Answers The pronoun “she” takes the place of “mother.” mother madecookies She madecookies Subject

53. Possessive Pronouns Possessive pronouns are used to indicate possession or ownership. We do not need the apostrophe and “s” (‘S) with these pronouns to show ownership.

54. Pronouns as Adjectives my, your, yours, his, her, hers, our, ours, their, theirs and its We have seen these words before in our adjective lessons. When diagramming a sentence, possessive pronouns sometimes act as adjectives.

55. Example Usage You must read his book. Our vacation was great. The red car is ours. Their directions were incorrect. The cat licked its paw.

56. Possessives in a Sentence In a diagram, the possessive pronoun is put in the modifier position. You must read his book. Youmust read book his

57. Reflexive Pronouns The reflexive pronoun gives more emphasis to the subject or object. myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.

58. The Reflexive Pronoun Diagramming the Reflexive Pronoun Jose cut himself. Josecut himself

59. The Reflexive Pronoun Diagramming the Reflexive Pronoun Mr. Edwards gave himself a raise. Mr. Edwardsgaveraise himself a

60. Demonstrative Pronouns This, That, These, Those A demonstrative pronoun indicates whether something is near or far from the speaker or writer and also shows singular or plural.

61. Demonstrative Pronoun Diagram pronouns in the subject position when they are not used to describe. Example: These are pretty. These arepretty Subject

62. Demonstrative Pronouns If we use the demonstrative pronoun to describe an object, they are diagrammed as adjectives (modifiers). Example: These flowers are pretty. flowers arepretty. These

63. Other Types of Pronouns Interrogative Pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, what Relative Pronouns : who, whom, whose, which, and that

64. Adjective Assignments 1. Complete the Comparatives Worksheet 2. Complete the Comparatives and Superlatives Worksheet 3. Complete the Possessive Adjectives Worksheet 4. Complete the Adjectives Worksheet

65. Pronoun Assignments Complete the Pronoun Worksheet

66. Break

67. Part 3 - The Idiom Idioms are spoken phrases that cannot be found in the dictionary. An idiom is an expression that means something other than the literal meanings of its individual words.

68. Idiom of the Day “Knock on wood” Many speakers of English use the phrase, “knock on wood” to assure good luck. When there is no wood to knock on, just saying the words themselves are meant to assure a good outcome.

69. Knock on Wood Example Usage: With all the talented people we have on this basketball team, we are sure to win the game, “knock on wood.” (providing there are no unforeseen circumstances)

70. “ Knock on Wood ” One does not have to literally “knock on wood” to assure good luck. Just saying the phrase is meant to bring about a favorable outcome also.

71. Next Lesson In our next lesson you will learn three new prefixes : “re-,” “sub-” and “trans-.” In addition, you will learn information about two new parts of speech: The Verb and the Adverb. You will also be introduced to a new “Idiom of the Day.”

72. This lesson has ended It was a pleasure to work with you today. During our next lesson, you will learn more about prefixes and how sentences are structured. Goodbye until next time.