1. The Rise of Dictators & World War II
Steps to War
Chapter 27, Section 1

2. Essential Questions:
What justifies a country going to war?

3. Germany 1936
“The National Socialist (Nazi) regime in Germany is based on a program of ruthless force, which program has for its aim, first, the enslavement of the German population to a National Socialist social and political program, and then to use the force of these 67 million people for the extension of German political and economic sovereignty over South-Eastern Europe – thus putting it into a position to dominate Europe completely.”
George Messersmith, quoted in The Making of the 2nd World War

4. Asia Europe

5. The Treaty of Versailles:
Italy – Wanted More Territory & Colonies After WWI Than it Got
Japan – Felt Ignored by European Countries (Why?)
Germany:
Lost 10% of Land
Lost All Colonies
No Army – Had to Disarm
Pay $33 Billion in War Damages
Had to Accept Full Blame for the WWI!

6. How Were Dictators Able to Come to Power?
After WWI, Many European Countries Were Destroyed
Economies were in Ruins – NO JOBS!
The Great Depression of the 1930’s Caused Massive Unemployment!
New Leaders (Dictators Emerged!)

7. Benito Mussolini New Leader of Italy (Dictator by 1925)
Started Fascism – Extreme Form of Patriotism & Nationalism
Sing the National Anthem!
“Il Duce” (The Leader)

8. Adolph Hitler New Leader of Germany (1933)
Leader of the National Socialist German Worker’s Party (The Nazi’s)
Preached German Racial Superiority:
Germans Were the Best!
Blamed Jews for Germany’s Loss in WWI
Promised to Avenge the WWI Loss
Blonde Hair & Blue Eyes: Please Stand Up!

9. Great Public Speaker! Hitler Was a Great Public Speaker!
Energetic/Motivating/ Fired Up
The German People Loved Him! (Any Idea Why?)
Promised the German People to Return Germany to Greatness!
Told Germans the Defeat at World War I was NOT Their Fault – It was the Jews Fault! (Scapegoat)

16. Joseph Stalin
Became Leader of the Soviet Union when Vladimir Lenin Died
Communism – Under Stalin the Government Attempted to Control All Aspects of Peoples Lives
No Religion/Censored Books/ Censored TV Shows/No Private Property/Etc…
Had Absolute Power – Arrested/Jailed/Killed Anyone Against Him

18. Japanese Imperialism: 1931
Japan in 1931 was Very Powerful!
Wanted More Land & Natural Resources
In 1931, Japan Attacked Manchuria (Northern Province of China)
Took Over That Area & Looked to Conquer More of China/Asia!

20. Italian Imperialism: 1935 Italy Attacked Ethiopia in 1935 (Africa)
One of Only a Few Countries Left NOT Owned by European Countries
Check Out Who Owned Africa in the 1930’s!

22. 1st Sign of World War II
Adolph Hitler in 1936 Moved German Troops into the Rhineland
The Rhineland is an Area Right on Border Between France & Germany (Rhine River)
This Was a Violation of the Treaty of Versailles! (Having an Army Too!)
Nanny Nanny Poo-Poo!

23. Versailles Treaty

25. German Invasion of the Rhineland
Violation of the Treaty of Versailles!
France is Outraged! (AND Scared):
Germany is Right on Their Border!
They Have an Army!
Both France & the League of Nations Do Nothing About It!
How Does the League of Nations “Look” to Adolph Hitler & the World?

27. Rome-Berlin Axis Alliance Between Hitler & Mussolini (Germany & Italy)
2nd Sign that Peace Would NOT Last Long in Europe
Alliances – Causes of World Wars!

30. Spanish Civil War: 1939 Civil War Breaks Out in Spain
Fascist Military vs. Elected Government
Fascists Win!
Hitler & Mussolini Supported the Fascists in Spain with Guns, Troops, Weapons, Aircraft

31. 4th Sign of World War II Hitler & Germany Invade Austria in 1938
Austria Did NOT Fight Back!
Most of Austria Was Made Up of German Speaking Peoples – They Wanted to be Part of Germany!

32. The Sudetenland
Region of Czechoslovakia Where Many People of German Decent Lived
Czechoslovakia Did NOT Want to Give it Up to Hitler & Nazi Germany
Hitler Wanted the Sudetenland!
The Sudetenland Was Once Part of Germany Taken Away After WWI

33. Steps to War

34. The Munich Agreement
Hitler Wanted the Sudetenland! France & the Soviet Union Say NO! (We Got Your Back!)
Europe Was on the Brink of War
Prime Minister of England Neville Chamberlain Met with Adolph Hitler to Solve the Crisis
They Met in Munich, Germany & Came to an Agreement

35. Appeasement The Munich Agreement Appeased Adolph Hitler
Chamberlain Agreed to Give the Sudetenland to Hitler
In Return, Germany Had to Promise to NOT Invade Any More Countries!
Can YOU Think of Another Example of Appeasement?

36. Britain’s Prime Minister
The Munich Agreement
Winston Churchill
Will be the Next Prime Minister
in Britain During WWII
“Britain and France had to choose between war and shame. They chose shame. They will get war too.”
Neville Chamberlain
Britain’s Prime Minister
Before World War II
“The agreement will achieve peace in our time”

37. Albert Einstein Was a German Jewish Citizen
Was Visiting the U.S. When the Nazi’s Took Over Germany in 1933
Feared Going Back to Germany
Was a Physicist:
Worked on the Manhattan Project!
Helped to Build the 1st Atomic Bomb

38. Hitler Breaks the Munich Agreement
In March of 1939, Hitler Invades & Takes Over ALL of Czechoslovakia
Declared Germany Would Invade Poland Next!
Britain & France Warned that if Germany Invaded Poland, They Would Go to WAR!

40. Steps to War

42. The German-Soviet Union Non-Aggression Pact
Germany & the Soviet Union Agreed NOT to Declare War on Each Other
Poland is in the Middle of Germany & the U.S.S.R.
Germany Agreed to Attack from the East, U.S.S.R. from the West
Germany & the Soviet Union Would Split Up (Share) Poland!

45. Invasion of Poland: Start of WWII
September 1st, 1939, Germany & the U.S.S.R. Invade Poland
Britain & France Declare War on Germany!
World War II Begins!

49. Blitzkrieg

50. Blitzkrieg: Lightning War
New Method of Warfare:
Uses Speed & Surprise Using Tanks, Troops & Airplanes
Took Less Than a Month to Conquer Poland!

52. Next 5 Countries to Fall Denmark Norway Belgium Luxembourg Netherlands
Britain & France Couldn’t Do Anything to Stop the Axis Powers

54. Axis Powers vs. Allied Powers
Germany
Italy
Japan
Belgium
Canada
China
France
Great Britain
India
Mexico
Netherlands
Poland
Soviet Union
United States

55. Dunkirk
As European Countries Fell, British & French Soldiers Retreated to Dunkirk, France
340,000 British, French, & Belgium Troops Rushed for the English Channel
Retreated Back to England!

56. Dunkirk

57. Dunkirk

60. Germany’s Attack on France
In June of 1940, Germany Attacked France
Germany Conquered France in 2 Days
France Surrendered!

63. Winston Churchill The New Prime Minister of Britain in 1940
Declared, “We Shall Defend Every Village, Every Town, & Every City!”
Assured the British People That They Would NEVER Surrender!

65. The RAF (Royal Air Force)
Hitler Wanted to Conquer England
Hitler Needed to Destroy the Royal Air Force (RAF) to Do So!
Germany Sent the Luftwaffe to Bombard London & Other Civilian Targets
The RAF Fought Bravely & Defended Britain with Valor! England Never Surrendered!

70. Stalin & the Soviet Union
Stalin & the Soviet Union Invaded:
Finland
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania

71. Hitler Got Greedy! Hitler & Stalin Distrusted Each Other
Germany Wanted the Wheat & Oil Fields that the Soviet Union Had!
Hitler Invaded the Soviet Union in 1941 (They Were Allies!)

73. Hitler Controlled Almost All of Europe!

74. Hitler’s BIGGEST Mistake!
What Do YOU Attack if YOU Want to Capture a Country?
Hitler Split His Troops Up & Did Not Focus on Moscow (Capital of U.S.S.R.)
Mother Nature Won World War II!

76. Scorched Earth Policy

77. Mother Nature Helps Win WWII
There is a “Special Someone”
The Soviet Union Had the Harshest Winter it Ever Had in Decades!
German Tanks & Weapons Broke Down!
Germans Had No Supplies, Food, or Proper Clothing!
Attempt to Capture Moscow Failed!

81. The Lend-Lease Act The United States Was Staying Neutral!
However, U.S. Supported The Allies
“We Must Be the Great Arsenal of Democracy” (FDR)
U.S. Sent About $50 Billion Worth of Supplies, Food & Weapons to the Allies

86. Where is the United States?
The United States Was Staying Neutral
Americans Believed It Was Europe’s Problem!
Isolationism!
FDR Wanted to Join but the American People Did NOT!

87. The Japanese Join The Axis Powers (1940)
Hideki Tojo: Military Dictator of Japan
Japan Wanted to Invade the Dutch East Indies for OIL!
Feared the U.S. Navy Would Stop Them!

91. Pearl Harbor
Surprise Attack by the Japanese on U.S. Naval Base (Pearl Harbor)
December 7th, 1941
2,400 Americans Were Killed
U.S. Navy Was HURT BADLY!

103. Pearl Harbor
“December 7th, 1941, A Day That Will Live in Infamy!” (FDR)
2,400 Americans Died
FDR Asked Congress to Declare War on Japan!
U.S. Enters WWII

106. See The Movie! (It’s Ok, Not That Great)

107. Play Pearl Harbor Trailer!

108. The U.S.S. Arizona Memorial
The U.S.S. Arizona Was Sunk By the Japanese at Pearl Harbor
1,177 Crew Members Died
The Ship Was Never Raised (The Bodies Were Never Taken Out)
A Memorial is Built on Top of the U.S.S. Arizona Today!

111. Japan After Pearl Harbor

112. Brain Pop & United Streaming Clips!

113. Essential Questions:
What justifies a country going to war?