1. 2012 Mr. Belcastro Modern World History

2. 1. to protect their colonies from invasion by other nations 2. B. to develop an economic alliance based on open markets 3. C. to suppress minority nationalists in their own countries 4. D. to respond to the increased military power of Germany

3. 1. democratic ideals would spread throughout the continent. 2. nations would be protected from economic exploitation. 3. colonization of undeveloped nations would cease. 4. small disputes would develop into large-scale wars.

4. 1. honorable opponents. 2. violators of human rights. 3. unbeatable enemies. 4. liberators of oppressed peoples.

5. 1. France had begun to surpass Germany in industrial output. 2. Germany wanted to join the Triple Entente with Great Britain. 3. Germany controlled French access to the North Sea. 4. France wanted to regain lands previously seized by Germany.

6. 1. French attacks on German colonies. 2. U.S. entry into the war. 3. Serbian assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. 4. German invasion of Belgium

7. 1. There is only a small amount of flat land in all of Europe. 2. the armies became immobile because of trench warfare. 3. Each side cut off the fuel supply of the other. 4. Germany’s military tactics were based on “static warfare.”

8. 1. address U.S. troop deployments in France. 2. strengthen the defense of Germany’s colonies in Africa. 3. neutralize Great Britain’s naval control of the North Sea. 4. avoid the problem of fighting Allied powers on two fronts

9. 1. A string of decisive military victories gained land from the Central Powers. 2. Russia’s sale of supplies to its western allies strengthened its economy. 3. The czar adopted the reforms necessary to win the support of the Russian people. 4. Economic hardships brought on by the war resulted in the downfall of the czar.

10. 1. Allied withdrawal from the Turkish peninsula of Gallipoli 2. British victories in the Sinai that secured the Suez Canal 3. American military and financial intervention in the war 4. the switch in allegiance of Italy from the Central Powers to the Allies

11. 1. large numbers of soldiers to reinforce the Allied armies. 2. protected sites for new Allied industrial factories. 3. most of the agricultural labor in the Allied nations. 4. places of refuge for displaced Allied civilian populations.

12. 1. a lasting and just peace. 2. determining war reparations. 3. expanding colonial empires. 4. punishing aggressor nations.

13. 1. create a politically unified Europe. 2. keep Germany from rebuilding its military forces. 3. restore pre-war imperial governments to power. 4. help Germany rebuild its industrial economy.

14. 1. to gain territory from Austria-Hungary 2. to assume control of Austria’s industries 3. to guarantee the partition of Germany 4. to gain possession of Austria’s overseas colonies

15. 1. Italy should give up its colonies in Africa. 2. Germany should be divided into occupation zones. 3. German military power should be permanently restricted. 4. The Central Powers should divide the cost of the war equally.

16. 1. formation of the European Union. 2. start of the Cold War. 3. development of the Marshall Plan. 4. creation of new nations in Eastern Europe.

17. 1. promising to maintain peace with other countries. 2. attracting foreign investment for industrial development. 3. limiting military influence in the government. 4. appealing to national pride.

18. 1. the lost generation. 2. romanticism. 3. the classical era. 4. naturalism.