1. BELLWORK 2/17 1.How did the global economic crisis in the 1890’s cause Cubans to seek independence? 2.Who was Jose Marti? 3.How did minorities, like blacks and women, contribute to Cuban independence? 4.Why did U.S. business leaders complain about the situation in Cuba? What were these leaders fearful of? 5.What did the 1898 Teller Amendment rule? 6.Explain the three goals of US occupation of Cuba. 7.THINKER: How did Cubans feel about U.S. involvement?

2. Teller Amendment: 1898 “The United States hereby disclaims any disposition of intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control over said island except for pacification thereof, and asserts its determination, when that is accomplished, to leave the government and control of the island to its people." Platt Amendment: 1901 “The United States has the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence, the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty."

3. IA Stuff

4. IA info Always refer to the mark scheme (pg. 147) when writing your IA. Part B: Summary of Evidence –Sources must be appropriate and fit the investigation topic –Correctly and consistently referenced –Organized chronologically

5. In-Text Citations The majority of part B will be listing evidence and quotes from your research. You must properly cite these! Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on your works cited page MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation The author's name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example: –Woodsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263). –Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Woodsworth 263). –Woodsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

6. In-Text Citations When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name. "The Impact of Global Warming in North America." GLOBAL WARMING: Early Signs. 1999. Web. 23 Mar. 2009. Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (e.g. articles) or italicize it if it's a longer work (i.e. plays, books, television shows, entire websites) and provide a page number. –We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has "more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change..." ("Impact of Global Warming" 6).

7. In-Text Citations For a source with three or fewer authors, list the authors' last names in the text or in the parenthetical citation: –Smith, Yang, and Moore argue that tougher gun control is not needed in the United States (76). –The authors state "Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights" (Smith, Yang, and Moore 76).

8. In-Text Citations For in-text citations from a website, follow these guidelines: –Include in the text the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry that corresponds to the citation (e.g. author name, article name, website name, film name). –You do not need to give paragraph numbers or page numbers based on your Web browser’s print preview function. –Do not include URLs in-text. Only provide partial URLs such as when the name of the site includes, for example, a domain name, like CNN.com or Forbes.com as opposed to writing out http://www.cnn.com or http://www.forbes.com. One online film critic stated that Fitzcarraldo is "...a beautiful and terrifying critique of obsession and colonialism" (Garcia, “Herzog: a Life”).

9. Part B: Summary of Evidence To what extent were American business interests in the Cuban sugar industry the cause of U.S. involvement in the Spanish-American War? American businesses in Cuba American control of sugar plantations Jose Marti & his view of U.S. Cubans dissatisfaction with American business policies U.S.S Maine Americans fearful of losing rights to plantations U.S. declares war

10. Part C: Evaluation of Sources Just like the example in class……. Select any two of your sources Analyze each source for OPVL Be careful with the sources you select!

11. Parts B & C When you turn these in on Tuesday, you must have it typed and a hard copy printed Topic question at the top Signify a difference between the two sections; part B & C Refer to the example for formatting ideas Office Hours on Sunday 3-5

12. BELLWORK 2/18 1.List five reasons why the U.S. took an interest in Cuban affairs (pg 125) 2.How did Yellow Journalism contribute to the Spanish- American War? 3.Describe the characteristics of Yellow Journalism. 4.How did America’s stance on Cuba change after McKinley was elected? 5.THINKER: Do newspapers still use Yellow Journalism today? Should it be illegal, or is it protected under the First Amendment? (freedom of the press)

13. Spanish-American War Emergence of the U.S. in global affairs

14. America Becoming a World Power 1867 – U.S. seized the Midway Islands in the Pacific (strategic for trade with China & Japan) 1867 – U.S. buys Alaska from Russia Within a year after purchase, gold, copper, and oil are discovered in Alaska.

23. Causes of the Spanish-American War Cuba had struggled for 30 years over independence from Spain. Some argued Cuba was part of the U.S. - geographically close & great economic potential (sugar) 1895 – Cuban rebels (led by Jose Marti) launched a fight for independence. Spanish retaliated by placing them in concentration camps. 1896 – McKinley elected President; openly supports Cuban independence.

26. Jose Marti Dedicated his life to the promotion of liberty, political independence for Cuba and intellectual independence for all Spanish Americans He also wrote about the threat of U.S. expansionism into Cuba In his short life he was a poet, essayist, journalist, revolutionary philosopher, translator, professor, publisher, and political theorist. The concepts of freedom, liberty, and democracy are prominent themes in all of his works Became a symbol for Cuba’s independence from Spain, his death became a cry for independence!

27. The U.S.S. Maine U.S. Naval warship stationed in Havana harbor. On February 15, 1898 an explosion sunk the ship, killing 250 Americans Yellow journalism blamed Spain, & American people agreed Yellow Journalism: exaggerated or completely false news stories (sold more papers!) Scientists believe the explosion was actually caused by a coal fire, leading to the explosion of magazines/ammunition. Other reports link the explosion to an underwater mine.

28. 1.scare headlines in huge print, often of minor news 2.lavish use of pictures, or imaginary drawings 3.use of faked interviews, misleading headlines, pseudo-science, and false facts from so-called experts 4.emphasis on full-color Sunday supplements, usually with comic strips (which is now normal in the U.S.) 5.dramatic sympathy with the "underdog" against the system.

29. Origins of Yellow Journalism

30. Discussion Do newspapers still use Yellow Journalism today? Should it be illegal, or is it protected under the First Amendment? (freedom of the press)

39. U.S.S. Maine = WAR! February explosion of warship U.S.S. Maine; Americans blame Spain April 11, 1898 – Congress declares Cuba’s independence April 24, 1898 – Spain declares war U.S. also begins to focus on the Spanish territory of the Philippines. Why was it necessary for the U.S. to get control of the Philippines?

42. Fighting the Spanish-American War Cubans and Filipinos were promised independence if they fought alongside American troops. Rough Riders: 1st US Volunteer Regiment; 1,250 volunteers used to fight in the Spanish-American War. Led by Theodore Roosevelt War was primarily fought in the Caribbean and the Pacific –Beneficial for the US and our powerful Navy After 10 weeks, the Spanish surrendered

47. End of the Spanish American War After the U.S. won, Spain signed an armistice (cease- fire). In October 1898, both countries signed the Paris Peace Treaty –Spain granted Independence to Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million. Caused the collapse of the Spanish Empire Cuba and Philippines eventually were given complete independence but Puerto Rico and Guam remain U.S. territories.

49. The Outcome U.S. is now a major player in world affairs U.S. can create military bases around the world Imperialists happy- U.S. can gain access to foreign markets - places to sell American goods and make money. Anti- Imperialists upset- felt that imperialism rejected the American ideal of “liberty for all”

53. President William McKinley McKinley’s presidency divided the nation on multiple levels Wealthy industrialist Business interests Imperialistic “war- hawk” Expansionism is our “destiny!”

54. McKinley’s Assassination On September 6, 1901, McKinley was shot at the World Fair in Buffalo, NY by Leon Czolgosz. Czolgosz was a proclaimed anarchist who thought the government was too corrupt and did not help the lower classes. After McKinley died, Roosevelt became the new American President. He was the youngest president ever, and had completely opposite ideals from McKinley. He brought happiness to the “common folk” who were fighting for change. Czolgosz was executed October 29, 1901

57. + = "I killed the President because he was the enemy of the good people – the good working people. I am not sorry for my crime.” ~ Leon Czolgosz

59. CLOSURE In your notes, create a cause and effect chart. This will be review for the causes and effects of the Spanish American War. Try and come up with four causes and four effects. Effects can be long term We will discuss once you are finished