2. The Civil War 1861 - 1865

3. Causes of the Civil War  The tariff on imported goods from Europe helped the North’s economy but hurt the South.  States’ Rights (nullification) 1 continued

4. Causes of the Civil War  Slavery  Northerners objected it philosophically (the idea of slavery).  Southerners claimed slavery was an economic necessity. (cotton fields)  The Election of 1860 – Lincoln was elected without any Southern electoral votes. 1

5. Abraham Lincoln  16 th President  1861 - 1865  Republican  Illinois  Assassinated Feb. 1860 2

6. December 20, 1860 South Carolina repeals the Constitution and declares the Union to be dissolved.

7. Secession The act of withdrawing (seceding) from a country. 3

9. The United States of America “The Union” “The North” “The Federals” 4

10. Union Flags and Uniforms

11. The Confederate States of America “The Confederacy” “The South” “The Rebels” 5

12. Confederate Flags and Uniforms

13. Fort Sumter  Federal fortress in South Carolina.  April 12, 1861- first shots of the Civil War were fired when Confederates attacked. 6

14. View of Fort Sumter from the sea

15. Interior view of Fort Sumter

16. Stacks of ammunition at Fort Sumter

17. April 12, 1861 First shots fired at Fort Sumter

18. Northern Advantages  More railroads  More factories  Greater population  More large cities 7

19. Southern Advantages  Fighting on home soil.  No need to invade the North.  The best generals – trained at military schools in the South. 8

20. Important Leaders During the Civil War

21. Jefferson Davis President of the Confederacy 9

22. Jefferson Davis

23. General Robert E. Lee Commander in Chief of all Confederate forces 10

24. "If the Union is dissolved and the government disrupted, I shall return to my native State and share the miseries of my people; and save in defense will draw my sword on none." Robert E. Lee 1861

25. General Ben McCulloch Texas Infantry

26. General Ulysses S. Grant North

27. General Ulysses S. Grant North

28. General Ambrose Burnside North

29. General George McClellan North

30. General William T. Sherman North

31. Key Battles of the Civil War

32. Antietam  A creek near Sharpsburg Maryland  Sept 17, 1862  Battle lasted from dawn to dusk  23,000 casualties  No decisive victory for either side  Lee escapes back into Virginia  Lincoln relieves McClellan of his command  War continues for 2 more years 11

33. Antietam

34. The Bridge over Antietam Creek

35. The Dead of Antietam

39. Lincoln & McClellan at Antietam

40. Antietam National Battlefield today

41. Battle of Gettysburg  July 1863  3 day battle in Pennsylvania  28,000 Confederate casualties  Ended Southern hopes of winning the war 12

42. Gettysburg

43. Devil’s Den - Gettysburg Confederate Dead

44. Culp’s Hill - Gettysburg Gunshot damage

45. Gettysburg Address  Speech delivered by Lincoln  Ceremony to dedicate the battlefield as a cemetery for the Union dead  Lasted only 2 minutes 13

46. Lincoln at the dedication of the Gettysburg Cemetery Nov. 1863

47. 2 nd draft of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address

48. Gettysburg Address “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.... continued 13

49. Gettysburg Address... we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain— that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” 13

50. Appomattox Court House  Village in Virginia  General Lee surrendered to General Grant  Ends the war  April 9, 1865 14

51. Lee Surrenders to Grant - 1867 painting

52. Farmhouse where surrender takes place

53. President Lincoln April 10, 1865 4 days before he was assassinated

54. April 14, 1865 Lincoln shot at the Ford Theater

55. Flag flown at half staff over the Capitol

56. Lincoln’s funeral procession down Pennsylvania Ave. in Washington D.C.

57. Lincoln’s funeral procession through Columbus, Ohio on the way home to Illinois

58. Lincoln’s funeral procession

59. Lincoln’s body lies in state for viewing by mourners

60. Five tragic years on the face of the President.

61. That’s all folks.