CELLS Structure & Function Review

CELLS Structure & Function Review

What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what enters or leaves cell; When DNA is loosely packed and spread out in the nucleus of a cell of non-dividing cells it is called ____________. chromatin

Bacteria are ______________ prokaryotes eukaryotes
This storage space is a ___________. vacuole

Small structure in a cell that performs a specific function
Tell the 3 of the parts of the cell theory. *All living things are made of cells. *Cells are the basic units of structure & function in an organism * Cells are produced from existing cells. Small structure in a cell that performs a specific function organelle

Name the Cell PEOPLE Robert Hooke German zoologist who
concluded all animals are made of cells _______________________ English scientist who 1st saw “little boxes” in cork and called them cells ___________________ Theodor Schwann Robert Hooke

Tell which part does it? Cell membrane Centrioles Lysosomes
Mitochondria Burns glucose ____________________ Controls what enters or leaves the cell ___________________ Guides chromosomes during cell division __________________ Digests unwanted substances or cell parts _______________ Makes proteins ______________________ Contains chromatin ___________________ Cell membrane Centrioles Lysosomes Ribosomes Nucleus

Name the Cell PEOPLE Rudolph Virchow American biologist who
provided evidence for the Endosymbiotic theory ___________________ German physician who saw dividing cells and reasoned that cells come from existing cells ___________________ Lynn Margulis Rudolph Virchow

Name the Cell PEOPLE Matthias Schleiden Dutch microscope maker who was
the first to observe LIVING cells ____________________________ Botanist who concluded that ALL PLANTS are made of cells ______________________________ Anton van Leeuwenhoek Matthias Schleiden

An animal cell is a ____________. prokaryote eukaryote
This organelle is the ____________ Rough ER

Name the organelle which is called the “power plant” of the cell
Name an organelle that assists with movement Cilia OR flagella OR CYTOSKELETON Name the organelle which is called the “power plant” of the cell because it provides energy mitochondrion

Name the molecule that provides the energy for cell activities
Name the storage space that is larger in plants than animals. vacuole Name the molecule that provides the energy for cell activities ATP

Name the organelle that acts as the cell’s control center.
Cells that have a cell membrane but NOT a nuclear membrane are ________________ prokaryotes Name the organelle that acts as the cell’s control center. nucleus

Phospholipids & proteins
Cell membranes are made of these 2 main kinds of molecules. Phospholipids & proteins Name another kind of molecule that could also be found in an animal cell membrane Steroids OR glycoproteins

Name the dark spot in the nucleus of a cell where ribosomes are made.
nucleolus Membranes that allow certain molecules to pass through and not others are said to be ___________________ permeable. Selectively OR semi-

Programmed cell death or “cell suicide” for the good of the organism
Apoptosis Proteins are made on the __________ in a cell. ribosomes

Tell which part does it? Mitochondria chromatin Rough ER Smooth ER
Makes lipids for membranes ____________________ Stores energy as ATP ___________________ Spread out DNA __________________ Modifies & transports proteins made on its ribosomes ____________________ Regulates calcium levels in muscle cells ________________ Supports and protects plant cells ___________________ smooth ER Mitochondria chromatin Rough ER Smooth ER Cell wall

In what kind of cell would you expect to see chromatin?
dividing non-dividing Non-dividing Thylakoid stacks would be seen inside _____________________ Mitochondria Golgi bodies chloroplasts chloroplasts

What’s the function? Make proteins support; protection
Mitochondria ____________________ Ribosomes ___________________ Cell wall __________________ Golgi bodies ____________________ Centrioles ________________ Smooth ER ___________________ burn glucose; make ATP Make proteins support; protection Package molecules for storage or export Guide chromosomes apart during cell division Make steroids in gland cells; regulate calcium in muscle cells; Break down toxins in liver

Cell organelles that burn glucose and store energy as ATP.
mitochondria This structure is a __________ Flagellum (pl. flagella)

Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, OR centrioles
Name an organelle that is made of microtubules Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, OR centrioles A membrane protein with carbohydrates attached to its surface that functions in cell identification is called a ____________________ glycoprotein

Tell which part does it? nuclear envelope Cilia or flagella
Mitochondria Makes ATP ____________________ Controls what enters or leaves the nucleus _________________ Help cell move __________________ Modify, sort, & package substances for transport _________________ Makes ribosomes ______________________ Control center of cell ___________________ nuclear envelope Cilia or flagella Golgi bodies nucleolus Nucleus

Name this part. GOLGI BODY chloroplasts
Name this part. GOLGI BODY According to the Endosymbiotic theory, which organelle probably evolved from photosynthesizing bacteria that were incorporated into early prokaryotic cells? chloroplasts

Name an organelle besides the nucleus that has DNA
Mitochondria OR chloroplasts Tell one difference between cilia and flagella. Cilia- many, shorter Flagella-one or two, longer

Name an organelle besides the nucleus that has a double membrane
Mitochondria OR chloroplasts Give 2 kinds of evidence that support the Endosymbiotic theory. Mitochondria and chloroplasts: have circular DNA like bacteria divide using binary fission like bacteria have lipids in their inner membranes like bacteria have ribosomes like bacteria

Tell which part does it? cytoskeleton flagella cristae chloroplast
Contains genetic info __________________ Give cell shape/support ____________ Few, long structures for locomotion __________________ Provide more surface area inside mitochondria _________________ Place for photosynthesis __________________ Large storage space ___________________ Intracellular highway ______________________ nucleus cytoskeleton flagella cristae chloroplast vacuole Rough ER

Name this part. Smooth ER mitochondria
Name this part. Smooth ER According to the Endosymbiotic theory, which organelle probably evolved from aerobic bacteria that were incorporated into early prokaryotic cells? mitochondria

Membrane bound sac that contains digestive enzymes.
Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached is called _________ ER. rough Membrane bound sac that contains digestive enzymes. lysosome

This organelle makes ATP.
mitochondrion Because the phospholipids in a cell membrane form 2 layers it is called a _____________. bilayer

Smooth _________ ER does NOT have ribosomes attached The _______________ is made of microfilaments and microtubules and helps the cell to maintain its shape. cytoskeleton

The yellow part of this phospholipid molecule stays on the outside of the bilayer next to the water environment because it is ______________. polar nonpolar polar

Pancake-like stack of membranes that modify, sort, &package substances
What is the job of the ribosomes? Make proteins Pancake-like stack of membranes that modify, sort, &package substances for transport. Golgi body

Tell which part does it? Mitochondria chromosomes Nuclear pores
smooth ER Breaks down toxins ____________________ Power plant ___________________ Tightly scrunched up DNA __________________ Allows molecules in & out of nucleus ____________________ Sacs inside chloroplasts ________________ Supports and protects bacterial cells ___________________ Mitochondria chromosomes Nuclear pores thylakoids Cell wall

Name a cell part that has this 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules
Cilia OR flagella Organelle in a plant or animal cell that contains the cell’s genetic material. nucleus

Ribosomes are made of __________ & __________
The folded inner membrane in the mitochondria which help to increase the surface area for chemical reactions is called the _______________. cristae Ribosomes are made of __________ & __________ Protein RNA

B; sticks on the surface of the membrane
Which of these proteins is a peripheral protein? B; sticks on the surface of the membrane

What is the function of the Rough ER?
Modify and transport molecules made by its ribosomes This organelle is a _____________ Golgi Body

What’s the function? Contain DNA; control center support; give shape
modify/transport proteins rough ER ____________________ nucleus ___________________ cytoskeleton __________________ cell membrane ____________________ chloroplast ________________ vacuole ___________________ nucleolus ________________________ Contain DNA; control center support; give shape Control what enters/leaves cell photosynthesis Stores water, food, molecules, waste Make RNA for ribosomes

A plant cell is a ______________. prokaryote eukaryote
Name the organelle that carries out photosynthesis. chloroplast

Name the folded membranes found inside mitochondria
Name the sacs found inside chloroplasts that contain the molecules for photosynthesis thylakoids Name the folded membranes found inside mitochondria cristae

A; sticks INto the membrane
Which of these proteins is an integral protein? A; sticks INto the membrane

Cells that have a nuclear membrane are called ________________
The many short structures on the top of this cell are __________ cilia Cells that have a nuclear membrane are called ________________ eukaryotes

Rough Plasma membrane ER
Describe the pathway a protein like insulin might follow from where it is made until it is secreted by a pancreas cell. _________→_______→______ →_______ Rough ER Golgi Plasma membrane ribosomes Animation from:

The cytoskeleton is made of ______________ & ______________
The organelle that regulates calcium in muscle cells, makes lipids for membranes, and breaks down toxins in liver cells is the ____________________ Smooth ER The cytoskeleton is made of ______________ & ______________ Microfilaments microtubules

The blue part of this phospholipid molecule stays inside the membrane away from water because it is ______________. polar nonpolar Non polar

A B C D E A = ________________ B = ________________
Cell membrane Rough ER nucleus Golgi Body Mitochondrion

Tell what this molecule does
Tell what this molecule does “self” identification Tell what this molecule does Store and transfer energy

Put in order of increasing size:
Organ cell organ system organism tissue _______ _________  _________ _____________  ______________ organ cell tissue organ system organism

Name a cell part that would use this molecule
It is an amino acid; ribosomes use it to make proteins Name the cell part that makes this molecule mitochondria

Put the following cells in order of decreasing size:
Bacterium Plant cell Animal cell _________ ________  _________ small smaller smallest Plant Animal Bacterium

Which of these are EUKARYOTES? cellulose peptidoglycan
How are the molecules in the cell walls of these organisms different? Plants Fungi Bacteria Which of these are EUKARYOTES? cellulose peptidoglycan chitin Plants and fungi are eukaryotes

FALSE; All cells have a cell membrane on the outside
True or False Bacteria don’t have a CELL membrane. FALSE; All cells have a cell membrane on the outside Name one of the functions of Smooth ER Make lipids for membranes, regulate calcium levels, Break down toxic substances

Name an organelle besides the cell nucleus that has its OWN DNA
Mitochondria OR chloroplasts A group of cells that work together to carry out a specific function are called a _______________ tissue

Tell why cells switch their DNA between chromatin and chromosome forms
Chromosomes-tightly packed so easy to move during cell division; Chromatin-loosely packed and spread out so it is easier to read and get information when cell is “doing its job”

Name this molecule found in cell membranes
phospholipid Name this cell part centriole

Name this molecule found in cell membranes
Name this molecule found in cell membranes glycoprotein Name this molecule ATP Image by Riedell

Plant cells don’t have centrioles
True or False Bacteria don’t have ribosomes. False; Yes, they do Ribosomes aren’t made of membranes True or False Plant cells don’t have centrioles True; at least we can’t see them

Mitochondria OR chloroplasts
Name an organelle besides the cell nucleus that is surrounded by a DOUBLE membrane Mitochondria OR chloroplasts A group of organs that work together to carry out a specific function are called an _______________ Organ system

apoptosis Name the process by which your fingers
and toes formed from paddle-like structures and your tail disappeared? apoptosis

You would expect to see cristae inside a ________________
Centrioles are only seen in __________________________ cells. dividing animal You would expect to see cristae inside a ________________ mitochondrion

Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes attached is called
Cells that need a lot of energy probably have a lot of ______________ Golgi bodies Smooth ER mitochondria centrioles mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes attached is called _____________________ Smooth ER

selectively permeable
A membrane that lets certain molecules pass through and not others is called _______________ Semi permeable OR selectively permeable

The ___________ is the basic unit of life. cell
What do ribosomes make? proteins

Process in which cells change and develop into different kinds of cells doing different jobs
Differentiation OR cell specialization Idea that all living things are made of cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and new cells are produced from existing cells Cell theory

Molecule found in the cell walls of fungi that makes them sturdy
chitin Membrane sacs stacked like pancakes in a Golgi body cisternae

Collection of living material enclosed by a barrier that separates it from its surroundings; the basic unit of life cell Log-like structures that help organize the spindle and guide the chromosomes apart during cell division in animal cells centrioles

Describes molecules that try to stay away from water…
DNA with attached proteins found spread out in the nucleus of non-dividing cells chromatin Describes molecules that try to stay away from water… means “water fearing” hydrophobic

Group of different organs working together
organ system Protein found in cell membranes which helps molecules get across the membrane transport protein

“Walking” proteins that interact with the microtubules in the cytoskeleton to move chromosomes or cell parts Motor proteins Protein found on the inside or outside surface of cell membranes Peripheral proteins

Theory that suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic ancestors that were engulfed and stayed to live in an ancient host cell Endosymbiotic theory Protein found embedded in the phospholipid bilayer in cell membranes; these can go part way or all the way across the membrane integral proteins

Tell one way plant cells and animal cells are alike?
Both: are eukaryotes have a nuclear membrane have membrane bound organelles have a cell membrane have DNA in multiple chromosomes

Tell one way plant cells and bacterial cells are alike?
Both: have a cell wall have a cell membrane have DNA have a cytoskeleton have ribosomes

Tell one way animal cells and bacterial cells are alike?
Both: have a cell membrane have DNA have a cytoskeleton have ribosomes

Tell one way plant cells are different from animal cells?
PLANTS ANIMALS Have cell wall NO cell wall Have chloroplasts No chloroplasts no centrioles have centrioles Big vacuole small vacuole

Tell one way plant cells are different from bacteria cells?
PLANTS Bacteria Eukaryotes prokaryotes Have chloroplasts No chloroplasts Cellulose peptidoglycan in cell wall in cell wall Big vacuole no vacuole nucleus no nucleus Membrane bound organelles No membrane bound organelles

Tell one way animal cells are different from bacteria cells?
Animal Bacteria Eukaryotes prokaryotes No cell wall cell wall vacuole no vacuole nucleus no nucleus Membrane bound organelles No membrane bound organelles Centrioles no centrioles

CELLS Structure & Function Review

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