1. McGraw-Hill © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 9 Business, People, and Technology Tomorrow Chapter 9 EMERGING TRENDS AND TECHNOLOGIES Business, People, and Technology Tomorrow

2. 9-2 STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Describe emerging trends and technologies that will impact the changing Internet. 2. Describe emerging technologies for physiological interaction with technology. 3. Describe emerging trends of Near Field Communication, Bluetooth, Wifi, cell phones, and RFID. 4. Define and describe emerging “pure” technologies that will impact the future.

3. 9-3 CAN AN E-SOCIETY REPLACE OUR REAL SOCIETY? The question is not so far-fetched The average broadband user belongs to 4 online communities (e.g., Facebook, Myspace) Average U.S. child under the age of 12 spends only 45 minutes per week outdoors in unstructured activities (i.e., just playing) An exploding e-society is Second Life (http://secondlife.com)http://secondlife.com

4. 9-4 CAN AN E-SOCIETY REPLACE OUR REAL SOCIETY? At Second Life, you can… Buy land on which to build a home or business Connect with people with common interests Meet people in nightclubs Spend and make a lot of money, called Linden Dollars Buy Linden Dollars with real money Exchange Linden Dollars for real money

5. 9-5 CAN AN E-SOCIETY REPLACE OUR REAL SOCIETY? Class questions… 1. How many social networking sites do you belong to? How much time do you spend weekly at those sites? 2. Beyond those sites, how much in total do you spend online per week? What do you do? 3. Are we becoming a society that is disassociated with the real environment? Is being online so much good or bad?

6. 9-6 INTRODUCTION Technological changes will be unbelievable You need to focus on how they will change your personal and business life Don’t get caught up in only the technology itself

7. 9-7 INTRODUCTION

8. 9-8 CHAPTER ORGANIZATION 1. The Changing Internet Learning Outcome #1 2. Physiological Interaction Learning Outcome #2 3. The Wireless Arena Learning Outcome #3 4. Pure Technology Learning Outcome #4

9. 9-9 THE CHANGING INTERNET Software-as-a-service (SaaS) Push, not pull, technologies and personalization F2b2C Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) Web 2.0

10. 9-10 THE CHANGING INTERNET: Software-as-a-Service Software-as-a-service (SaaS) – delivery model for software in which you pay for software on a pay-per- use basis instead of buying the software outright Use any device anywhere to do anything Pay a small fee and store files on the Web Access those files later with your “regular” computer Makes use of an application service provider

11. 9-11 THE CHANGING INTERNET: Software-as-a-Service (Cont.) Application service provider (ASP) – supplies software applications (and other services such as maintenance, file storage, etc) over the Internet that would otherwise reside on customers’ computers Now, mainly limited to business applications Future, personal ASPs renting software to you

12. 9-12 THE CHANGING INTERNET: Software-as-a-Service (Cont.)

13. 9-13 THE CHANGING INTERNET: Push, Not Pull, Technologies and Personalization We live in a “pull” environment That is, you visit Web sites and request information, products, and services The future is a “push” environment Push technology – environment in which businesses come to you with information, services, and product offerings based on your profile

14. 9-14 THE CHANGING INTERNET: Push, Not Pull, Technologies and Personalization (Cont.) This isn’t spam or mass e-mail Businesses will know so much about you that they can tailor and customize offerings Consider a GPS cell phone and a movie rental store that monitors where you are A system will determine if there any movies you like but haven’t seen The system will call you on your cell phone

15. 9-15 THE CHANGING INTERNET: Push, Not Pull, Technologies and Personalization (Cont.)

16. 9-16 THE CHANGING INTERNET: F2b2C New e-commerce business model F2b2C, Factory-to-business-to-Consumer, a consumer communicates through a business on the Internet and directly provides product specifications to a factory that makes the customized and personalized product to the consumer’s specifications and then ships it directly to the consumer

17. 9-17 THE CHANGING INTERNET: F2b2C (Cont.) The business (small f) is only an intermediary between the consumer (capital C) and the factory (capital F) A form of disintermediation Disintermediation – the use of the Internet as a delivery vehicle, whereby intermediate players in a distribution channel can be bypassed

18. 9-18 THE CHANGING INTERNET: Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) – allows you to send voice communications over the Internet and avoid the toll charges that you would normally receive from your long distance carrier Catching on quickly in the business world A little slower in the personal world Not everyone has high-speed in-home Internet access

19. 9-19 THE CHANGING INTERNET: Web 2.0 Web 2.0 – 2 nd generation of the Web and focuses on online collaboration, users as both creators and modifiers of content, dynamic and customized information feeds, and much more Wikis Social networking sites Blogs RSS feeds Podcasting

20. 9-20 THE CHANGING INTERNET: Web 2.0 (Cont.) Wiki – allows you (as a visitor) to create, edit, change, and often eliminate content Enables crowdsourcing, when businesses provide enabling technologies that allow people (i.e., crowds) – instead of paid employees – to create, modify, and oversee the development of products/services Social networking site – sites like Myspace, Facebook, etc where you post information about yourself, find friends, and so on

21. 9-21 THE CHANGING INTERNET: Web 2.0 (Cont.) Blog – Web site in the form of a journal where you can post entries and people can provide comments RSS feed – provides frequently published and updated digital content on the Web Podcasting – ability to download audio and video files for viewing and listening to on portable devices and computers

22. 9-22 PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION Now, you use keyboards, mice, and the like These are physical interfaces Physiological interfaces will actually capture and use your real body characteristics Voice Iris scan And the like

23. 9-23 PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION: Automatic Speech Recognition Automatic speech recognition (ASR) – not only captures spoken words but also distinguishes word groupings to form sentences Becoming more a reality everyday Commercial systems cost less than $100

24. 9-24 PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION: Automatic Speech Recognition (Cont.) ASR 3 Step Process 1. Feature analysis – captures words and converts them into phonemes (syllables) 2. Pattern classification – matches phonemes to words in an acoustic model database 3. Language processing – makes sense of what you’re saying by choosing the best words

25. 9-25 PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION: Virtual Reality Virtual reality – three-dimensional computer simulation in which you actively and physically participate Uses 3 unique devices Glove Headset Walker

26. 9-26 PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION: Virtual Reality (Cont.) Virtual Reality Devices Glove – input device; captures movement and strength of your hands and fingers Headset (head-mounted display) – I/O device; captures your head movement; screen covers your field of vision Walker – input device; captures movement of your feet as you walk or turn

27. 9-27 PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION: Virtual Reality (Cont.) Virtual Reality Applications Matsushita – design your own virtual kitchen Volvo – demonstrate car safety features Airlines – train pilots for adverse weather conditions Motorola – train assembly line workers Health care – train doctors in surgery on virtual cadavers

28. 9-28 PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION: Cave Automatic Virtual Environment Cave automatic virtual environment (CAVE) – special 3-D virtual reality room that can display images of people and objects in other CAVEs These are holographic devices Holographic device – creates, captures, and/or displays images in 3-D form

29. 9-29 PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION: Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (Cont.)

30. 9-30 PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION: Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (Cont.) Visit friends and family without getting on an airplane Customer service – the agent will appear next to you when you make a call The possibilities are limitless

31. 9-31 PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION: Haptic Interfaces Haptic interface – technology to add the sense of touch to an environment that previously only had visual and textual elements Stationary jet ski arcade game in which the jet ski moves and rocks Joysticks and game controllers that provide feedback in the form of vibration Wii, which has revolutionized the home video game market

32. 9-32 PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION: Biometrics Biometrics – the use of physiological characteristics – fingerprint, iris, voice sound, and even breath – to provide identification That’s the narrow definition Can also create custom-fitting clothes using biometrics

33. 9-33 PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION: Biometrics (Cont.) Custom Wedding Gowns Custom Shoes Custom Bathrobes Custom Clothes with Biometrics

34. 9-34 PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION: Biometrics (Cont.) Biometric Security Best security is 3-step 1. What you know (password) 2. What you have (card of some sort) 3. Who you are (biometric) Today’s systems (ATMs for example) use only the first two One reason why identity theft is so high

35. 9-35 PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION: Biometrics (Cont.) Integrating Biometrics with Transaction Processing TPS – captures events of a transaction Biometric processing system – captures information about you, perhaps… Weight loss Pregnancy Use of drugs Alcohol level Vitamin deficiencies

36. 9-36 PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION: Biometrics (Cont.) Integrating Biometrics with Transaction Processing

37. 9-37 PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION: Biometrics (Cont.) Integrating Biometrics with Transaction Processing (Cont.) Transaction processing systems (TPSs) will be integrated with biometric processing systems (BPSs). Can banks use ATMs and determine if you’ve been drinking, if you are a pregnant, if you have low blood sugar, hair loss, vitamin deficiencies? Is this ethical? How will businesses of the future use biometric information? Ethically? Or otherwise?

38. 9-38 PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION: Biometrics (Cont.) Other Biometric Devices Biochip – chip that can perform physiological functions when inserted into the human body Implant chip – microchip implanted into the human body that stores information about you and can be used for tracking (GPS) Family of 4 in Florida already have them Facial recognition software – provides identification by evaluating facial characteristics

39. 9-39 THE WIRELESS ARENA Provides tremendous mobility Will dramatically change everything Bluetooth – short-range communication of about 30 feet WiFi – longer-range communication of up to about several miles The next generation of cell phone technology RFID

40. 9-40 THE WIRELESS ARENA: Next Generation Cell Phones Storage: Hard disk (upwards of 2Gb now) Processor capability (speeds up to 500 MHz) Music enhancements Video support Apple’s iPhone, combines three technologies: 1. Cell phone 2. iPod 3. Wireless Internet communication

41. 9-41 THE WIRELESS ARENA: Next Generation Cell Phones (Cont.) There is a downside Cell phones = next great playground for hackers and virus attacks No good anti-virus software for cell phones right now Don’t download ring tones from Web sites – you could be downloading a virus

42. 9-42 THE WIRELESS ARENA: RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) RFID (radio frequency identification) – uses a chip in a tag or label to store information, and information is transmitted from, or written to, the tag or label when the chip is exposed to the correct frequency of radio waves Wal-Mart is always in the business news about its requirement that all suppliers use RFID on products

43. 9-43 THE WIRELESS ARENA: RFID (Cont.) Common RFID is passive meaning that it has no power source itself and sit idle until passed near a reader that emits radio waves. Antenna absorbs radio waves and stores as energy When enough energy is stored, the chip is “jolted” to life and information transmissions occur

44. 9-44 THE WIRELESS ARENA: RFID (Cont.)

45. 9-45 THE WIRELESS ARENA: RFID (Cont.) RFID Applications Exxon/Mobil Speedpass – wave key ring at reader instead of swiping card Anti-theft car keys Library book tracking (the Vatican does it) Livestock tracking Supply chain – most applications are here Passports – all newly issued passports in the U.S. in 2007contain RFID chip

46. 9-46 THE WIRELESS ARENA: RFID (Cont.) The Future of RFID Today almost every product is uniquely identified by a UPC (Universal Product Code). This means that two products of the same kind would have the same UPC. With RFID technology, each and every product will have a unique EPC (Electronic Product Code) EPC include UPC with other information to uniquely identifies each product Expiration date Places traveled Etc

47. 9-47 PURE TECHNOLOGIES Many emerging technologies have broad applications in numerous areas:  Nanotechnology  Multistate CPUs  Holographic storage devices

48. 9-48 PURE TECHNOLOGIES: Nanotechnology Nanotechnology – discipline that seeks to control matter at the atomic and sub-atomic levels for the purpose of building devices on the same small scale Current approach – start big and squeeze, press, slice, and dice to make things small Nanotechnology approach – start with the smallest element possible (i.e., atom) and build up. In nanotechnology everything is simply atoms.

49. 9-49 PURE TECHNOLOGIES: Multi-State CPUs Right now, CPUs are binary-state (0 and 1) Multi-state CPU – works with information represented in more than just 2 states, probably 10 states with each state representing a number from 0 through 9 This will make small computers very fast, why?? Because computers will no longer have to go through many of the processes associated with translating characters into binary and then reversing the translation process later.

50. 9-50 PURE TECHNOLOGIES: Holographic Storage Devices Holographic storage device – stores information on a storage medium that is composed of 3-D crystal- like objects with many sides or faces This will provide tremendous storage in a small space

51. 9-51 MOST IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS The following are five areas to think about to help you reflect on what’ve learned and to place that knowledge within the bigger picture: 1. The necessity of technology 2. Closing the great digital divide 3. Technology for the betterment of society 4. Exchanging privacy for convenience 5. Ethics, ethics, ethics

52. 9-52 MOST IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS: 1- The Necessity of Technology Technology is a necessity to day; it’s hard to imagine our world without it.  It’s everywhere, it’s inescapable, and it’s up to you how it gets used That doesn’t mean you should adopt technology just for the sake of it or just because it sounds fun. Rather, you need to carefully evaluate each technology and determine if it will :  Make you more productive  Enhance your personal life  Enrich your learning  Move your organization in the right direction, etc.

53. 9-53 MOST IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS: 2- Closing the Great Digital Divide The power of technology needs to be realized on a world wide scale. There are technology-challenged countries and cultures. You must take technology to those places, for example by creating international business partnership and strategic alliances.

54. 9-54 MOST IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS: 3- Technology for the Betterment of Society Businesses use IT to make money and that’s okay Technology can also be used when no money is to be made; and that’s great Many medical applications of IT will never make any money. But it’s shouldn’t be always about making money! You are fortunate to be in an environment of learning. Try to give back when you have the chance to do so

55. 9-55 MOST IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS: 4- Exchanging Privacy for Convenience On a personal level, you need to consider how much of your personal privacy you’re giving up in exchange for convenience. E.g. using a GPS helps you get directions to your destination but obviously you are giving up some privacy! You do this everyday in small ways, it really is a trade- off. Organizations capture information about you in order to use it to serve you better, but not all of the times! Be careful, don’t give up too much privacy

56. 9-56 MOST IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS: 5- Ethics, Ethics, Ethics Ethics are essential Our society cannot operate without them Use technology wisely  For financial gain  Personal success shouldn’t come to the detriment of other people It’s quite possible to be very ethical and very successful. That’s the biggest challenge to you!