1. Human Sexuality
Ms. Fitchwell Health Education

2. Human Sexuality
Adolescence is the time when young people go through the physical, emotional, and social changes that end in adulthood.
Puberty refers to the physical changes that occur during adolescence.
During puberty, secondary sex characteristics appear, and the reproductive structures mature.
Puberty begins because male and female hormones are released into the bloodstream.
During puberty, both boys and girls will grow quickly, perspire more, have body odor, and develop oily skin and some pimples.

3. Human Sexuality
Between the ages of 9-17 children go through puberty, which marks the beginning of adolescence
Puberty occurs as a result of the release of hormones
Testosterone – male hormone
Estrogen and progesterone – female hormones
Male and female hormones are responsible for the physical, emotional, and social changes that occur.

4. Physical Changes The development of sex characteristics
Primary sex characteristics are directly related to the production of the reproductive cells – sperm for males, and ovum for females
Secondary sex characteristics – body hair in both males and females
Females - the development of breasts and widening of the hips
Males - and the broadening of the chest and the deepening of the voice

5. Concerns over physical changes
As people reach puberty, there is great variation in the size and shape of people of the same age
Girls can be much taller than boys
Boys voices can “crack” – due to an increase in the size of the larynx
Hands and feet may appear large and awkward

6. Mental changes Brain reaches its adult size and weight
Cognition – the act or process of knowing, including both awareness and judgment – and memory both increase.
You are able to predict the outcomes of many situations – you look at different ways of solving problems

7. Mental changes
Your ability to think logically, or think things out, increases
Can understand someone else’s point of view
New interests will develop and career goals may begin to come into focus
Cerebral Cortex (“Grey Matter”)
Most complex part of CNS
Motor/sensory functions
Emotions
Cognition - Language
Attention

8. Emotional changes Strong emotional feelings can come to the surface
You can experience mood swings, sulking and crave privacy
May have difficulty in letting others know how you are feeling.

9. Bell Ringer May 4th
What is the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics?
What is the male sex hormone? Female sex hormones?
What are some mental changes that occur during puberty?

10. Male Reproductive System
During puberty, the pituitary gland stimulates the testes to begin producing the male sex hormone, testosterone.
Testosterone- causes the production of sperm
Sperm- male reproductive cell
Two main biological functions of the male reproductive system:1. production of sperm 2. transfer of it to the female’s body during sexual intercourse

11. Male reproduction system
Click here to see the male reproductive system

12. Bladder
Seminal Vesicles
Urethra
Penis
Prostate Gland
Glans/Head
Cowper's Gland
Vas Deferens
Epididymis
Scrotum
Testes

14. Warm-Up May 5th
What role do the following organs/muscles/glands play in the male reproductive system?
Pituitary Gland
Testes
Epididymis
Seminal Vesicles
Stimulates the testes to produce the male sex hormone, testosterone.
External organ, produces testosterone and sperm.
Coil-like tube on the outside of testes, sperm are stored here and mature.
Located on each side of the bladder, produce liquid that mixes with sperm (semen is a fluid that carries and nourishes sperm).

15. Male Reproductive System is made up of both internal and external organs External organs: 1. Testes (testicles) – are two small glands that produce sperm. Testes hang outside of the body in a sac called the scrotum. This sac protects sperm by keeping the testes at a temperature slightly below normal

16. External organs: Penis – the external sex organ in which the sperm is delivered to the females body. Composed of spongy tissue that contains many blood vessels. As a result of increased blood flow, the penis becomes enlarged and erect.

17. Internal male reproductive organs
Plays a role in the delivery of the sperm
Urethra – carries sperm and urine to the outside of the body. (a valve prevents the two fluids from mixing)
Epididymis – located on the outer surface of the testes – sperm mature here
Vas-deferens – a pair of connecting tubes that receives the sperm from the epididymis
As the sperm travels through the vas deferens, they combine with fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper’s gland and the to form semen.

18. Ejaculation- A series of muscular contractions during sexual arousal.
During ejaculation, semen is released
Nocturnal emissions- Orgasm and ejaculation may occur during sleep.
Can be referred to as a “wet dream”
Occur because sperm production during puberty causes increased pressure in the reproductive system.

19. At birth, the tip of the penis is covered with a fold of skin called Foreskin Circumcision – the surgical removal of the foreskin
Uncircumcised penis with foreskin intact
Circumcised penis

20. Female reproductive system
Click here to view female reproductive system

21. Female Reproductive System
The Female Reproductive System stores female reproductive cells, or ova. It also nourishes and protects each fertilized ovum from the beginning of pregnancy through birth.
1. Vagina – also called the birth canal, is a hollow tube leading from the uterus to the outside of the body. Sperm from the male enters the female reproductive system through the vagina.

22. Females Reproductive Organs
2. Ovaries – two small organs that have two functions: 1. releases estrogen and progesterone 2. produces and releases a mature egg (ova) once a month – called ovulation
*Female babies are born with approx. 400,000 immature ova in the ovaries. During puberty, hormones cause the immature ova to mature.

23. 3. Fallopian tubes – two small tubes that carry a released egg from the ovary to the uterus. When an egg is released from the ovary, it moves into the fallopian tubes and finger like projections draw the egg into the uterus. *If intercourse occurs during the time there is an egg in the fallopian tube, sperm may unite with the egg and fertilization occurs.

24. 4. Uterus (womb) is a small, muscular, pear-shaped organ, about the size of a fist. The fertilized egg (zygote) will develop and grow in the uterus. The uterus has layers of tissue and a rich supply of blood to protect and nourish the developing fetus. *The base of the uterus is called the cervix. It expands during childbirth to allow the passage of the baby.

25. Warm-Up May 6th List all of the female reproductive organs.
What is the function of the fallopian tubes?
What is another name for the uterus? Vagina?

26. Menstruation
If the ovum does not become fertilized, the lining of the uterus breaks down and is passed out of the vagina. This process is called menstruation
Usually lasts 3-5 days
Menstrual cycle, which is the time from the beginning of one menstrual cycle to the onset of the next, is usually a 28 day cycle
Onset – usually between the ages of 10 – 15
Can be very irregular at first
Can also be affected by poor nutrition, stress and illness

27. Menstrual cycle
Click here to view menstrual cycle

28. Care of the reproductive system
Includes cleanliness, protection, and self-examination
A male who is not circumcised must practice extra hygiene
Avoid wearing clothing that is too tight
Wear a protective or supporter during strenuous exercise
Perform a monthly self exam of the testes to check for any thickening or lumps

29. Problems of the male reproductive system
Hernia – occurs when part of an organ pushes through an opening of a membrane or muscle that usually contains the organ.
2. Sterility – condition in which a person is unable to reproduce.
can be a result of producing too few sperm. This can be caused from environmental hazards that damage the sperm making process-exposure to X- rays, radiation and lead from motor exhaust
Can also be caused from temperature change, exposure to certain chemicals, smoking and disease.

30. 3. Enlarged prostate gland – can enlarge for reasons such as an infection, a tumor, or old age. When the gland enlarges, it tends to squeeze the urethra, resulting in frequent or difficult urination 4. Testicular torsion –twisting of testis so that blood vessels leading to the testis also twists, cutting off the blood supply.

31. 5. Cancer of the Prostate – often a cancer site of older men. 6
5. Cancer of the Prostate – often a cancer site of older men Cancer of the testes - occurs most frequently in males between the ages of 15 and 35. Hard lumps, or nodules , on the testes may be a sign of cancer. There may or may not be pain associated with the lumps

32. Problems of the FRS Menstrual cramps –
Usually mild, lasting for several hours
A heating pad, over the counter medication and light exercise can help
Practice deep breathing-yoga-especially during pregnancy! , increase vitamin d intake
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS).
PMS is a variety of symptoms that can occur several days to two weeks before the menstrual period.
Symptoms – nervous tension, anxiety, irritability, mood swings, fatigue, bloating
How to decrease pms:
Nutritional changes (avoid chemicals in foods),
get moving,
practice relaxation techniques-
address your stress levels

33. Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) –related to tampon use during the menstrual period.
This is a rare but serious disease that may be fatal.
The presence of a bacterium, staphylococcus aureus, causes the infection.
Flu-like symptoms – aching muscles, sore throat, sudden high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, fainting, rash.

34. Problems that can cause infertility
Blocked fallopian tube - leading cause of female infertility. Can be caused by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) of abdominal surgery.
Endometriosis – uterine tissue grows outside the uterus, often appearing on the ovaries, fallopian tubes in in the abdominal cavity.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - an infection of the fallopian tubes, ovaries and surrounding areas in a woman’s pelvis. It can damage the reproductive organs and is usually caused by sexually transmitted diseases.

35. Other reproductive disorders
Cervix, uterus and ovaries are common sites of cancer. Cervical cancer is detected through a Pap test, a test in which samples of cells are taken from the cervix by a doctor. All sexually active females should have a yearly Pap smear and all women from the age of 18 and older should also have a yearly Pap smear

36. Bell Ringer May 7th What is another term for “wet dream”?
Describe the term circumcision. What is removed during this process?
How long does an average menstrual cycle last?
Nocturnal Emission
Surgical Procedure that removes foreskin from the tip of the penis
28 days

37. Breast self-examination
Is an important habit for females to develop
Should be done once a month, about a week after the start of their menstrual period
Should check for anything unusual, such as any discharge from the nipples, lumps or mass under the skin